Sir Henry de Beaumont, Knight

Notes:

Henry de Beaumont, jure uxoris 4th Earl of Buchan and suo jure 1st Baron Beaumont (bef. 1280 - 10 March 1340) was a key figure in the Anglo-Scots wars of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, known as the Wars of Scottish Independence.

Henry de Beaumont was a veteran campaigner who participated in every major engagement, from the Battle of Falkirk in 1298 to the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333. Although not now a widely known figure, he was, nevertheless, of considerable military and political importance. His long experience of the Scottish wars led him to develop a battle technique later used to great effect at Crâecy and Agincourt. As one of a group of Anglo-Scots nobles known as the 'disinherited' — those who had fought against King Robert Bruce — he was to do much to overturn the peace between England and Scotland established by the Treaty of Northampton and bring about a Second War of Scottish Independence. By his marriage shortly before 14 July 1310 to Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan (died 3 July 1349), the niece and heir of John Comyn, Earl of Buchan, he was recognised as Earl in right of his wife.

Origins

Henry de Beaumont was the eldest son of Sir Louis de Brienne, Knt., (d. after 1 September 1297) who was in right of his wife Agnáes de Beaumont, Vicomte of Beaumont in Maine and Seigneur of Beaumont-le-Vicomte (alias Beaumont-sur-Sarthe), Sainte-Suzanne, la Fleche, Fresnay, le Lude, etc. He was the grandson of John of Brienne, King of Jerusalem and great-grandson of King Alfonso IX of Leâon making him and Edward II second cousins.[2] His brother Lewis de Beaumont was Bishop of Durham and his sister Isabella was wife of the prominent noble John de Vesci.

First campaigns

He first took up military service with Edward I while he was campaigning in Flanders in 1297 against Philip IV of France. When Edward returned to England the following year to deal with the after effects of the defeat of his northern army by the Scots at the Battle of Stirling Bridge, he was accompanied by Beaumont. In the ensuing battle of Falkirk, Beaumont was one of the young knights who had his horse killed from under him by the spears of William Wallace's schiltrons. Beaumont again attended Edward I in the Scottish wars in 1302.

Landed estates

Beaumont obtained large grants of manors and lands, including Folkingham, Barton-upon-Humber, and Heckington, Lincolnshire, from King Edward II. He was summoned to parliament from 4 March 1309 to 20 October 1332, by Writs directed to Henrico de Bellomonte, whereby he is held to have become Lord Beaumont. He was again summoned to the English parliament from 22 January 1334 through to 16 November 1339, as Earl of Buchan. He sat in the Scottish parliament of Edward Balliol on 10 February 1334, as Earl of Buchan.

He had a grant of the Lordship of the Isle of Man in 1310. The next year he and his sister, Isabel de Vesci, were banished from Court by the Ordainers as associates of Piers Gaveston, but soon returned.[3] In 1313 he and his sister acquired the reversion of the manors of Seacourt, Berkshire, and Tackley, Oxfordshire, which, upon her death without issue in 1334, fell to him. Between 1317 and 1321 his wife succeeded to the English estates of her sister, Margery Comyn, wife successively of Sir John Ross and Sir William de Lindsay. He purchased the Lordship of Ditchburn, Northumberland, in 1320.

Bannockburn

On the first day of the battle Henry was in one of the two cavalry forces alongside Robert Clifford and Sir Thomas de Grey of Heaton, father of the chronicler Thomas Grey whose account of events follows;

"Robert Lord de Clifford and Henry de Beaumont, with three hundred men-at-arms, made a circuit upon the other side of the wood towards the castle, keeping the open ground. Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray, Robert de Brus's nephew, who was leader of the Scottish advanced guard, hearing that his uncle had repulsed the advanced guard of the English on the other side of the wood, thought that he must have his share, and issuing from the wood with his division marched across the open ground towards the two afore-named lords.

Sir Henry de Beaumont called to his men: "Let us wait a little; let them come on; give them room"
"Sir," said Sir Thomas Gray, "I doubt that whatever you give them now, they will have all too soon"
"Very well" exclaimed the said Henry, if you are afraid, be off"
"Sir," answered the said Thomas, "it is not from fear that I shall fly this day."

So saying he spurred in between Beaumont and Sir William Deyncourt, and charged into the thick of the enemy. William was killed, Thomas was taken prisoner, his horse being killed on the pikes, and he himself carried off with the Scots on foot when they marched off, having utterly routed the squadron of the said two lords. Some of the English fled to the castle, others to the king's army, which having already left the road through the wood had debouched upon a plain near the water of Forth beyond Bannockburn, an evil, deep, wet marsh, where the said English army unharnessed and remained all night, having sadly lost confidence and being too much disaffected by the events of the day." [4]

On the second day Beaumont was amongst those who accompanied Edward II in his flight from the field, and was subsequently deprived of his Scottish Earldom of Buchan by King Robert.

"The Disinherited"

In the November after Bannockburn Beaumont was one of those affected by the sentence of forfeiture passed by the Scottish parliament against all those with land and title in Scotland who continued to fight with the English. Thus was created that class of nobility known as the disinherited. Although this also included men of greater standing like David III Strathbogie, titular Earl of Atholl, Beaumont was to prove by far the most determined in the pursuit of his lost honours.

He fought on the side of Edward II at the Battle of Boroughbridge in 1322. However, when Edward II entered into truce negotiations with the Scots in May 1323, Beaumont, hitherto a close associate of the king, argued against any agreement which disregarded the claims of the disinherited, for whom he had become the leading spokesman. Edward overruled Beaumont and the two quarrelled. Beaumont was briefly imprisoned for contempt and disobedience at the Privy Council (of which he was a member), after which he retired from Court to continue his intrigues in exile, eventually joining forces with Edward's estranged wife, Queen Isabella, and her lover Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March. His cause, however, was not furthered by the coup of 1327, in which Isabella and Mortimer deposed the king and replaced him with his under-age son, Edward III.

Anxious to break the deadlock in the north Isabella and Mortimer persuaded Parliament to accept the terms of the Treaty of Northampton, which ignored, once again, the claims of the disinherited. Many of the senior nobility were ashamed of what they considered to be a shameful peace; and when Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster rose in revolt in late 1328 he was joined by Henry Beaumont, Thomas Wake, Henry Ferrers, Thomas Rosselin and David de Strathbogie, the latter now married to Beaumont's daughter, Katherine. This was the nucleus of the party soon to be prominent supporters of Edward Balliol, the son of the former King John Balliol. The rising was short-lived; and when Lancaster submitted in January 1329, Wake and Strathbogie also made their peace. Not so Henry Beaumont, who was specifically excluded from pardon, going into exile to plot Mortimer's downfall.

When the powerful Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent was arrested in March 1330 and charged with conspiring to restore Edward II, whom he had been deluded into believing was still alive, he alleged at his trial that Beaumont had met him in Paris and told him that his plot would be supported from Scotland by the armed intervention of Donald Earl of Mar, a personal friend of the ex-king. Kent was executed and Beaumont would never be allowed to return to England while Mortimer and Isabella held on to power.

Edward de Balliol

The peace of Northampton seemed to end forever the hopes of the disinherited. Two things changed this: the death of King Robert Bruce in 1329, followed in 1330 by a palace coup in England, which saw the overthrow and execution of Roger Mortimer and the assumption of full powers by King Edward III. In Scotland, Robert's infant son, David II was king, bringing the inevitable tensions that follow from a royal minority. Edward, for the time being at least, maintained the peace with Scotland, but he was known to share the views of many of his countrymen that Northamption was a turpis pax-a shameful peace. In 1330 Edward III would make a formal request to the Scottish Crown to restore the lands of Beaumont's earldom to him, which was refused.

From near extinction, the cause of the disinherited was now revived; but it needed direction and focus. Above all, it needed a cause, something greater than frustrated ambition. By the early 1330s the cause had become Edward Balliol, in the judgement of some the rightful King of Scotland.

Edward Balliol is clearly an important figure; but it is difficult to decide if he was the author of his own ambitions or a lever for the designs of others. He took no part in the first war, and it is doubtful if he had any military experience before he came to Scotland in 1332. The driving force, as always, was Henry Beaumont, the lead conspirator of the disinherited. It was he who formed the 'party' of the disinherited in the period after the peace of Northampton: he who encouraged Balliol, with Edward III's approval, to leave his French estates and come to England. He was a seasoned campaigner, who had been present both at Bannockburn and the Battle of Boroughbridge, and learned much from both encounters. It is almost certain that he was the architect of Balliol's victory at the Battle of Dupplin Moor where he fought; and he is likely to have advised Edward on the tactics that brought him the first great military success of his career at the Battle of Halidon Hill, the exact foretaste of the later triumph at Crâecy. Beaumont, moreover, provided much of the financial support that allowed the impecunious Balliol to descend on Scotland at the head of an army of freebooters. But his principal loyalty was to himself and then to Edward III; for, as time would show, Edward Balliol was a hook on which he hung the cloak of his ambitions.

War by other means

In assuming power Edward would have been mindful of the support he had received from Beaumont. He would also have been aware that while the restless earl was a useful friend he was also a dangerous enemy. Beaumont's shifting loyalties since 1323 had all been dictated by his overriding desire to recover the earldom of Buchan. But Edward embraced the cause of the disinherited for reasons more subtle than simple gratitude: for Beaumont's tireless plotting eventually provided the occasion to set aside the peace of 1328.

Before the end of 1330 Edward started to make strong diplomatic representations on behalf of Beaumont and Thomas Wake, the claimant to the Lordship of Liddesdale, the only two noblemen to be officially recognised as disinherited by the English and Scottish governments. He wrote to the young King David II in December, requesting restoration of the lands of the 'Earl of Buchan' and the 'Lord of Liddesdale'. But Edward must have realised that there was little chance of the Scots accepting Beaumont and Wake in their midst. It would make little sense to hand over important lands in the west march and the north-east of Scotland to men whose personal and political loyalties lay with a potential enemy, and who were widely known to be vehement opponents of the Treaty of Northampton. David's guardian Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, was obviously conscious of this, and Edward's request was effectively ignored. Beaumont now began to seek restitution by other means.

Sometime between 1330 and 1331 Beaumont conceived a plan to invade Scotland at the head of a private army, headed by himself and Edward Balliol. The first contacts between Balliol and Beaumont had been in 1330. In 1331 these approaches became more serious. In June both he and Strathbogie crossed the Channel to visit the exile in Picardy. Beaumont returned in August and again in November, when he was accompanied by Walter Comyn. The Brut Chronicle contains a colourful story, not repeated in any other source, that Balliol had incurred the displeasure of the King of France, and had to be rescued from imprisonment by Beaumont's special pleadings. What is certain is that he was finally persuaded to leave France and come to England in the winter of 1331. He was settled in the manor of Standal in Yorkshire, a property belonging to Beaumont's sister, the Lady Vesci. Beaumont then visited King Edward and obtained an important concession: he would not allow the disinherited to cross the border in open breach of the Treaty of Northampton, but he would not stop them sailing from English ports. By the summer of 1332 all was ready and a small army of archers and men-at-arms sailed from various ports in Yorkshire, landing on the coast of Fife in August.

Battles and crowns

Soon after landing the army, under the skillful command of Beaumont, confronted and defeated a much larger Scottish force at the Battle of Dupplin Moor in August 1332, using an effective, and murderous, combination of infantry and archers. Building on this victory, the army advanced on Scone, where Edward Balliol was crowned King of Scots on 24 September. The coronation was a tense and unhappy occasion, for the new king and his small army were isolated in a sullen and hostile country. At the banquet after the coronation ceremony it is said that the guests remained fully armed, save for their helmets. There was good reason for this; for it is also said that the local people attached themselves to Balliol more from fear than love. The terror of the new regime soon spread, and the priors of St. Andrews wrote of the lordship of Edward Balliol and Henry Beaumont, and their inability to collect the dues from their church at Fordun 'for fear of the said Lord Henry.'

It was clear that, in the absence of widespread native support, the adventure could only prosper with the open support of King Edward. As bait Balliol wrote to him offering to cede all of south-east Scotland to England. This proposal was carried south by Henry Beaumont and David de Strathbogie, who came to attend the meeting of Parliament at York. Before they could return Balliol and what was left of his army was surprised by a party of Bruce loyalists at Annan and chased out of the country. All of the expense and effort of the past years had come to nothing.

Castles of sand

In January 1333 Edward finally dropped the pretence of neutrality: Edward Balliol was formally recognised as King of Scotland and promised military aid. Subsidies were now paid to Beaumont and the others, to help prepare for a fresh invasion. In July a fresh Scots army was cut to pieces at Halidon Hill, just outside Berwick-upon-Tweed, using the same battle tactics as Dupplin Moor. Once again the disinherited advanced into Scotland. Henry Beaumont was able to return to Buchan where, according to Andrew Wyntoun, he repaired the old Comyn stronghold of Dundarg on the Aberdeenshire coast in 1333/4, which had been destroyed by Robert Bruce in 1308:

The Beaumont went intil Buchan; And there, Dundarg of lime and stane He made stoutly, and therin lay.

Even so, the hold of the disinherited lords was no more certain than before. By September 1334 Edward Balliol, faced with a full-scale revolt, sent urgent appeals to England for yet more assistance. To make matters even worse his followers, who had been brought together by greed for land, were driven apart by the very same greed. In a dispute over the estates of Alexander de Mowbray, killed at Annan in 1332, Balliol was unwise enough to quarrel with Beaumont who, in the fashion of Achilles, withdrew from Court in a fit of picque, to Dundarg.

Balliol's regime collapsed, and for the second time in his career he fled across the border. Beaumont, in the meantime, was besieged in Dundarg by Andrew de Moray, the new Guardian of Scotland. Under continual attack, and running short of supplies, he was compelled to surrender on 23 December 1334. After a brief imprisonment he was ransomed and returned to England in time for the summer campaign of 1335. While he came back to Scotland it is uncertain if he ever saw Buchan again. Dundarg was destroyed for the second and last time in its history.

Twilight

Beaumont was an active participant in Edward's invasion of Scotland in 1335, the largest he ever mounted on behalf of his hapless protege; but the results were no more lasting than before. In November the uncertain gains of the summer were wiped out by Moray's victory over Strathbogie at the Battle of Culblean.

After Culblean, Balliol's shadowy kingdom virtually disappeared. Perth was retaken. Only Cupar Castle in Fife and remote Lochindorb kept his cause alive. In Lochindorb the widow of Strathbogie, Kathrine Beaumont, daughter of Henry Beaumont, had been under siege by Moray since late 1335. The rescue of Kathrine Beaumont was to allow Edward III to drape a cloak of high chivalry over one of his most destructive military adventures. English action took the form of a large-scale punitive raid, intended to knock out Scots resistance and, at the same time, forestall a possible French landing in the north-east. Edward initially gave command to Henry of Lancaster, Beaumont's son-in-law; although he eventually decided to take charge in person. Edward advanced into Aberdeenshire in the summer of 1336. Beaumont came with him, as did Edward Balliol, surely a more persistent student of spiders than Robert Bruce had ever been. Kathrine was duly rescued, while the north-east was subject to widespread destruction.

It was in this season that Henry Beaumont embarked on his last actions in Scotland, by seeking vengeance against those whom he held responsible for the death of his son-in-law. The Pluscarden Chronicle describes his actions thus; Henry Beaumont, to avenge his son-in-law, the Earl of Atholl, who was slain at Culblean, either cast into prison or put to cruel death all who had taken part in the engagement in which he was slain; whereby much innocent blood was shed.

In 1337 Edward III, in beginning the opening rounds of what was to become the Hundred Years War, virtually lost all interest in the future well-being of Balliol and his hopeless cause. Even Henry Beaumont, the most determined of the disinherited, had had enough. Rather than return to Scotland with Balliol the old warrior accompanied King Edward to the Low Countries, from whence he had come with his royal grandfather in 1298, where he died in March 1340, his long struggle incomplete. His son, John, never claimed the lost earldom of Buchan. When Beaumont's wife, Alice, died in 1349 the Comyn line of Buchan, which stretched back to the early thirteenth century, finally came to an end.

By the time an Inquisition was held to assess his lands in April 1340, Henry was holding a large amount of land in Lincolnshire as well as smaller areas in Leicestershire, Northumberland and Yorkshire.[5]

Marriage & progeny

Shortly before 14 July 1310 he married Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan (died 3 July 1349), the niece and heiress of John Comyn, Earl of Buchan (and granddaughter of Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan Lord High Constable of Scotland). He was recognised as Earl of Buchan jure uxoris. By Alice he had progeny including:

Elizabeth Beaumont c. 1320-1400 who married Nicholas Audley, 3rd Baron Audley 1328-1391, without progeny.[6]
John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont c1318, who married Eleanor Plantagenet, great granddaughter of King Henry III.[6]
Isabel de Beaumont, married Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. They were ancestors of England's Royal House of Lancaster, with King Henry IV of England being the couple's grandson.
Katherine de Beaumont, married David III Strathbogie, titular Earl of Atholl, 1st Lord Strathbogie
Joan de Beaumont, who ("it is said"[7]) married Fulk VII FitzWarin, 3rd Baron FitzWarin (d.1349), of Whittington Castle in Shropshire and Alveston in Gloucestershire.[8]

References

Jump up ^ Debrett's Peerage, 1968, Beaumont baronets, p.59
Jump up ^ Cokayne 1893
Jump up ^ Michael Brown (2008), Bannockburn. The Scottish War and the British Isles 1307-1323, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, p. 75
Jump up ^ Maxwell 1907
Jump up ^ Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, VIII, London: HMSO, 1913
^ Jump up to: a b Tomlinson 2011, Heighley Castle.
Jump up ^ GEC Complete Peerage, vol.5, p.500, Baron FitzWarin
Jump up ^ GEC Complete Peerage, vol.5, p.

Henry married Lady Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan in 0Jul 1310. Alice (daughter of Sir Alexander Comyn, Knight and Lady Joan Latimer) was born in 0___ 1289 in Aberdeen, Scotland; died on 3 Jul 1349. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

About John Buchan de Beaumont, 2nd Baron Beaumont
He was invested as a Knight on 2 May 1338. He fought in the campaign in France in 1339. He succeeded to the title of 2nd Lord Beaumont on 10 March 1339/40.

http://www.douglashistory.co.uk/famgen/getperson.php?personID=I66927&tree=tree1

http://www.douglashistory.co.uk/famgen/getperson.php?personID=I42257&tree=tree1

http://www.genealogy4u.com/genealogy/getperson.php?personID=I2975&tree=william_conq

http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I2877&tree=Dodge

http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cousin/html/p417.htm#i7353

________________________

'Sir John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont, Earl of Buchan1,2,3,4,5
'M, #13901, b. circa 1318, d. 14 April 1342
Father Sir Henry Beaumont, Earl of Buchan & Moray, 1st Lord Beaumont, Constable of England & the Army, Justiciar of Scotland6,7,8 d. 10 Mar 1340
Mother Alice Comyn6,7 d. 3 Jul 1349
' Sir John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont, Earl of Buchan was born circa 1318; Age 22 in 1340.2,9,5 He married Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Sir Henry Plantagenet, Earl Lancaster & Leicester, Count of Provence, Lord of Monmouth and Maud de Chaworth, before June 1337; They had one son (Sir Henry, 3rd Lord Beaumont).2,10,11,9,3,4,5 Sir John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont, Earl of Buchan died on 14 April 1342 at Northampton, Northamptonshire, England; Killed at a tournament.2,10,9,3,5
'Family Eleanor Plantagenet b. c 1312, d. 11 Jan 1372
Child
Sir Henry Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont+12,9,5 b. 1340, d. 13 Jun 1369

Citations

1.[S3800] Unknown author, Europaische Stammtafeln by Isenburg, chart 685, Vol. 3; The Complete Peerage, by Cokayne, Vol. II, p. 61; Wallop Family, p. 77.
2.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 84.
3.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. II, p. 185-187.
4.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. II, p. 529.
5.[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 309-310.
6.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 83-84.
7.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. I, p. 154-155.
8.[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 307-308.
9.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. I, p. 157-158.
10.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 318.
11.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 424-426.
12.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 84-85.
From: http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p463.htm#i13901
__________________________
'Sir John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont1,2,3
'M, #106893, b. circa 1317, d. between 10 May 1342 and 25 May 1342
Last Edited=31 Jan 2011
Consanguinity Index=0.02%
' Sir John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont was born circa 1317.2 He was the son of Henry Beaumont, 1st Earl of Buchan and Alice Comyn.2 He married Lady Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Matilda de Chaworth, before June 1337.1,2 He died between 10 May 1342 and 25 May 1342.2
' He was invested as a Knight on 2 May 1338.2 He fought in the campaign in France in 1339.2 He succeeded to the title of 2nd Lord Beaumont [E., 1309] on 10 March 1339/40.2
'Children of Sir John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont and Lady Eleanor Plantagenet
1.Joan Beaumont1 d. a 1400
2.Henry de Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont+1 b. c 1340, d. 25 Jul 1369

Citations

1.[S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 78. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families.
2.[S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, page 60. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage.
3.[S8] Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999), volume 1, page 228. Hereinafter cited as Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition.
From: http://www.thepeerage.com/p10690.htm#i106893
___________________________
'Eleanor PLANTAGENET (C. Arundel)
Born: ABT 1311/1322, Grosmont Castle, Monmouth, Norfolk, England
Died: 11 Jan 1372, Arundel, Sussex, England
Buried: Lewes, Sussex, England
Father: Henry PLANTAGENET (3º E. Lancaster)
Mother: Maud CHAWORTH
'Married 1: John De BEAUMONT (2º B. Beaumont) (b. 1317 - d. 10 May 1342) BEF Jun 1337
Children:
1. Henry BEAUMONT (3º B. Beaumont) (b. 1340 - d. 17 Jun 1369) (m. Margaret De Vere, B. Beaumont)
Married 2: Richard "Copped Hat" FITZALAN (5° E. Arundel) 5 Feb 1344/1345, Ditton Church, Stoke Pogis, Buckingham, England
Children:
2. Richard FITZALAN (6º E. Arundel)
3. John FITZALAN (1° B. Maltravers)
4. Thomas FITZALAN (Archbishop of Canterbury)
5. Joan FITZALAN
6. Alice FITZALAN
7. Mary FITZALAN
8. Eleanor FITZALAN
From: http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/PLANTAGENET.htm#Eleonor PLANTAGENET (C. Arundel)
_____________________
Beaumont, Baron (E, 1308/9)
Henry [de Beaumont], 1st Baron Beaumont later 1st Earl of Buchan
2nd son of Louis of Brienne, called "of Acre", jure uxoris Vicomte of Beaumont (by his wife Agnes of Beaumont, dau. and eventual sole hrss. of Raoul, Vicomte of Beaumont), 2nd son of John of Brienne, King of Jerusalem 1210-29 and Emperor-Regent of Constantinople 1229-37, by his third wife Berengaria of Castile, 1st dau. of Alfonso IX, King of Leon 1188-1230, by his second wife Berengaria I, Queen of Castile 1217-46, through whom he was second cousin to King Edward II
born
mar. bef. 14 Jul 1310 Alice Comyn (d. bef. 10 Aug 1349), niece and heir of line of John [Comyn], 3rd Earl of Buchan, and 1st dau. and hrss. of Sir Alexander Comyn (by his wife Joan le Latimer), 2nd son of Alexander [Comyn], 2nd Earl of Buchan, by his wife Lady Elizabeth de Quincy, 2nd dau. of Roger [de Quincy], 2nd Earl of Winchester
children
'1. John Beaumont, later 2nd Baron Beaumont
2. Richard Beaumont
3. John Beaumont
4. Thomas Beaumont, of Bolton Percy, co. York, mar., and had issue
1. Lady Elizabeth Beaumont (dsp. 27 Oct 1400; bur. in Hulton Abbey), mar. c. 1330 Nicholas [de Audley], 3rd Baron Audley of Heleigh
2. Lady Catherine Beaumont (d. 11 Nov 1368), mar. David of Strathbogie, 11th or 2nd Earl of Atholl, and had issue
3. Lady Isabel Beaumont (d. 1361), mar. c. 1335 Henry "of Grosmont", 1st Duke of Lancaster, and had issue
4. Lady Agnes Beaumont (d. after 1359), mar. about Jul 1343 as his second wife Thomas [de Lucy], 2nd Baron Lucy
5. Lady Joan Beaumont, mar. Fulk [FitzWarin], 3rd Baron FitzWarin, and had issue
6. Lady Beatrice Beaumont, mar. Count of Dammartin
died 10 Mar 1339/40
created by writ of summons 4 Mar 1308/9 Baron Beaumont by writ of summons 22 Jan 1334 jure uxoris Earl of Buchan
suc. by son
note Joint Warden of Scotland 1308; granted the Lordship of the Isle of Man 1310 for life; fought on the side of King Edward II at the Battle of Boroughbridge 1321/2; Constable of England 1322; supported Prince Edward against his father, for which he was rewarded with a grant of Loughborough Castle 1334; Justiciar of Scotland 1338
' John [Beaumont], 2nd Baron Beaumont
'born c. 1318
'mar. bef. Jun 1337 Lady Eleanor Plantagenet (mar. (2) 1345 as his second wife Richard [FitzAlan], 10th or 3rd Earl of Arundel; d. 11 Jan 1372; bur. at Lewes, co. Sussex), 5th dau. of Henry [Plantagenet], 3rd Earl of Lancaster, by his wife Maud de Chaworth, dau. of Sir Patrick de Chaworth, of Kidwelly, co. Carmarthen, and Kempsford, co. Gloucester
only child
1. Henry Beaumont, later 3rd Baron Beaumont
'died betw. 10 and 25 May 1342
suc. by son
'note knighted 1338 and served in France 1339; neither he nor any of his successors were summoned to Parliament as Earl of Buchan
From: http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/
__________________________
-------------------- John de Beaumont, b. 1327 and d. 10 May 1342. John de Beaumont, m. ? Eleanore Plantagenet. 1. English Nobleman: Lord Beaumont. --------------------

Sir John De Bellomonte

Born: 1312, Crossland Hall,Yorkshire,England

Married: Abt 1332

Died: After 1360

Marriage Information:
John married Margaret Radcliffe about 1332. (Margaret Radcliffe was born about 1312 in Radcliffe Tower,England.)

Family Links

Spouses/Children:

Margaret Radcliffe

Henry De Bellomonte+

John married Lady Eleanor Plantagenet, Countess of Arundel on 6 Nov 1330. Eleanor (daughter of Sir Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Leicester and Lady Maud Chaworth) was born on 11 Sep 1318 in Castle, Grosmont, Monmouth, Wales; died on 11 Jan 1372 in Arundel, West Sussex, England; was buried in Lewes Priory, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Isabel de Beaumont, Duchess of Lancaster, of the House of Brienne (c.?1320 – 1361) was an English noblewoman, being the youngest daughter and child of Henry de Beaumont, Earl of Buchan and Alice Comyn.

Family

Isabel was born in about 1320. She had nine older siblings, including John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont. Isabel's paternal grandparents were Louis of Brienne, Viscount de Beaumont, and Agnes, Viscountess de Beaumont. Her maternal grandparents were Alexander Comyn, Sheriff of Aberdeen and Joan le Latimer.

Marriage and children

She married Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster in 1337. Isabel bore Henry two daughters who would eventually inherit their father's estates:

Maud, Countess of Leicester (4 April 1339 – 10 April 1362), married William V, Count of Hainaut. Died without surviving issue.
Blanche, Countess of Lancaster (25 March 1345 – 12 September 1369), married John of Gaunt, son of Edward III of England, by whom she had three surviving children. Blanche inherited all her father's estates after the death of her sister.
Isabel died of the plague in 1361 at Leicester Castle. She was buried in Newark Abbey, Leicester. Her husband also died of the plague in March 1361.[1]

Through Blanche, Isabel was an ancestress of Englands's Royal House of Lancaster, with Henry IV of England being her grandson. Philippa of Lancaster Queen consort of Portugal was also her grandchild.

Died:
of the plague...

Isabel married Sir Henry of Grosmont, Knight, 1st Duke of Lancaster in 0___ 1337. Henry (son of Sir Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Leicester and Lady Maud Chaworth) was born in ~ 1310 in Grosmont Castle, Grosmont, Monmouthshire, Wales; died on 23 Mar 1361 in Leicester Castle, Leicester, Leicestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir David Strathbogie, III, Earl of Atholl. David (son of Sir David Strathbogie, II, 10th Earl of Strathbogie and Joan Comyn) was born in ~ 1309; died on 30 Nov 1335 in Culblean, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

About Henry de Beaumont, 3rd Baron Beaumont
Louis de Brienne & Agnes, Vicomtesse de Beaumont

|

Henry de Beaumont m. Alice Comyn

|

John de Beaumont m Eleanor Plantagenet

|

Henry de Beaumont m Margaret de Vere

|

John de Beaumont(1361 - 1396) m Katherine Everingham

|

Elizabeth Cecillia Beaumont m William Botreaux

This is what I will be aiming to show on Geni if I don't recieve any contraindication

[Terry Jackson 1 Feb 2010]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'Sir Henry Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont1,2,3,4,5,6
'M, #10513, b. 1340, d. 13 June 1369
Father Sir John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont, Earl of Buchan7,8,9 b. c 1318, d. 14 Apr 1342
Mother Eleanor Plantagenet7,8,9 b. c 1312, d. 11 Jan 1372
' Sir Henry Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont was born in 1340 at Brabant, Belgium; Age 2 in 1342.2,3,6 He married Margaret de Vere, daughter of Sir John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford, Master Chamberlain of England and Maud de Badlesmere, before 15 February 1363; They had 4 sons (Sir John, 4th Lord Beaumont; Henry; Richard; & Thomas) and 1 probable daughter (Eleanor/Elizabeth, wife of Sir Richard de Moleyns).2,3,4,5,6 Sir Henry Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont died on 13 June 1369 at of Folkingham, Barton on Humber, Edenham, & Heckington, Lincolnshire, England; Buried at Sempringham Priory, Lincolnshire.2,3,6
'Family Margaret de Vere b. b 1336, d. 15 Jun 1398
Children
Eleanor Beaumont+10,3,11,6
Sir John Beaumont, 4th Lord Beaumont, Admiral of the North, Constable of Dover Castle, Warden of the Cinque Ports, Ambassador to France+2,3,4,6 b. 1361, d. 9 Sep 1396

Citations

1.[S2573] Unknown author, Europaische Stammtafeln by Isenburg, chart 685, Vol. 3; The Complete Peerage, by Cokayne, Vol. II, p. 61; Plantagenet Ancestry of 17th Century Colonists, by David Faris, p. 186; Wallop Family, p. 77.
2.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 85.
3.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. I, p. 158-159.
4.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 40-41.
5.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. IV, p. 270.
6.[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 310-312.
7.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 84-85.
8.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. I, p. 157-158.
9.[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 309-310.
10.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 503.
11.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 152.
From: http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p350.htm#i10513
_____________________
'Henry de Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont1,2,3
'M, #106894, b. circa 1340, d. 25 July 1369
Last Edited=31 Jan 2011
Consanguinity Index=0.19%
' Henry de Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont was born circa 1340 at Brabant, Belgium.2 He was the son of Sir John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont and Lady Eleanor Plantagenet.1 He married Margaret de Vere, daughter of John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford and Maud de Badlesmere.1,2 He died on 25 July 1369.2,4,5 He was buried at Sempringham Priory, Lincolnshire, England.2
' He succeeded to the title of 3rd Lord Beaumont [E., 1309] in May 1342.2 He was naturalized as a English subject, by Act of Parliament in 1351.2 In 1360 he did homage for his lands.2
'Child of Henry de Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont and Margaret de Vere
1.Sir John de Beaumont, 4th Lord Beaumont+2 b. c 1361, d. 9 Sep 1396
'Child of Henry de Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont
1.Elizabeth Beaumont6 b. 1389, d. 1477
Citations
1.[S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 78. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families.
2.[S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, page 61. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage.
3.[S8] Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999), volume 1, page 228. Hereinafter cited as Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition.
4.[S2] Peter W. Hammond, editor, The Complete Peerage or a History of the House of Lords and All its Members From the Earliest Times, Volume XIV: Addenda & Corrigenda (Stroud, Gloucestershire, U.K.: Sutton Publishing, 1998), page 78. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage, Volume XIV.
5.[S8] Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, volume 1, page 228, says 17 June 1369.
6.[S3470] Marian Hastings, "re: Hastings Family," e-mail message to Darryl Roger Lundy, 31 Deember 2008. Hereinafter cited as "re: Hastings Family."
From: http://www.thepeerage.com/p10690.htm#i106894
___________
Eleanor PLANTAGENET (C. Arundel)
Born: ABT 1311/1322, Grosmont Castle, Monmouth, Norfolk, England
Died: 11 Jan 1372, Arundel, Sussex, England
Buried: Lewes, Sussex, England
Father: Henry PLANTAGENET (3º E. Lancaster)
Mother: Maud CHAWORTH
Married 1: John De BEAUMONT (2º B. Beaumont) (b. 1317 - d. 10 May 1342) BEF Jun 1337
Children:
'1. Henry BEAUMONT (3º B. Beaumont) (b. 1340 - d. 17 Jun 1369) (m. Margaret De Vere, B. Beaumont)
Married 2: Richard "Copped Hat" FITZALAN (5° E. Arundel) 5 Feb 1344/1345, Ditton Church, Stoke Pogis, Buckingham, England
Children:
2. Richard FITZALAN (6º E. Arundel)
3. John FITZALAN (1° B. Maltravers)
4. Thomas FITZALAN (Archbishop of Canterbury)
5. Joan FITZALAN
6. Alice FITZALAN
7. Mary FITZALAN
8. Eleanor FITZALAN
From: http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/PLANTAGENET.htm#Eleonor PLANTAGENET (C. Arundel)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Earl of Buchan.

--------------------
http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=9482

Henry de Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont was born circa 1340 at Brabant, Belgium.

He was the son of Sir John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont and Lady Eleanor Plantagenet.

He married Margaret de Vere, daughter of John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford and Maud de Badlesmere.

He died on 25 July 1369.2,4,5 He was buried at Sempringham Priory, Lincolnshire, England.

Henry de Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont succeeded to the title of 3rd Lord Beaumont [E., 1309] in May 1342.2 He was naturalized as a English subject, by Act of Parliament in 1351.2 In 1360 he did homage for his lands.
Child of Henry de Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont and Margaret de Vere

* Sir John de Beaumont, 4th Lord Beaumont+2 b. c 1361, d. 9 Sep 1396
http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~pmcbride/rfc/gw8.htm

--------------------
BEAUMONT, a parish in the ward and county of CUMBERLAND, 4? miles (N.W. by W.) from Carlisle, containing 323 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, united, in 1692, with that of Kirk-Andrews upon Eden, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Carlisle, rated in the king's books at ?8. 1. 8., endowed with ?200 private benefaction, and ?400 royal bounty, and in the patronage of the Earl of Lonsdale. The church is dedicated to St. Mary. The poor children of this parish are entitled to instruction in a school erected by subscription, in the parish of Kirk-Andrews upon Eden, to which Thomas Pattinson, in 1785, gave a small endowment. (A Topographical Dictionary of England., p.109)

--------------------
He succeeded to the title of 3rd Lord Beaumont in May 1342. He was naturalized as a English subject, by Act of Parliament in 1351. In 1360 he did homage for his lands.

-------------------- Links

http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=jweber&id=I25159
-------------------- Should be merged into Henry de Beaumont.

Died:
leaving extensive property in Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and Warwickshire.

Family/Spouse: Lady Margaret de Vere, Baroness de Vere. Margaret (daughter of Sir John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford and Lady Maude de Badlesmere, Countess of Oxford) was born in 0___ 1344 in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; died on 15 Jun 1398 in England; was buried in Grey Friars, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Blanche of Lancaster (25 March 1345 - 12 September 1368) was a member of the English royal House of Plantagenet, daughter of the kingdom's wealthiest and most powerful peer, Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. She was the first wife of John of Gaunt, the mother of King Henry IV, and the grandmother of King Henry V of England.


Lineage

Blanche was born on 25 March 1345,[1] although the year 1347 has also been suggested.[3]

She was the younger daughter of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster and his wife Isabel de Beaumont. She and her elder sister Maud, Countess of Leicester, were born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lindsey. Maud married Ralph de Stafford and then William I, Duke of Bavaria;[2] however, Maud did not have children so her younger sister inherited their father's titles and estates.

Marriage

On 19 May 1359, at Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, Blanche married her third cousin, John of Gaunt, third son of King Edward III. The whole royal family was present at the wedding, and the King gave Blanche expensive gifts of jewellery.[5]

The title Duke of Lancaster became extinct upon her father's death without male heirs in 1361. However, John of Gaunt became Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Earl of Lincoln and Earl of Leicester (although Gaunt did not receive all of these titles until the death of Blanche's older sister, Maud, in 1362) as he was married to Blanche. The Duchy of Lancaster (second creation) was later bestowed on Gaunt. The influence associated with the titles would lead him to become Lord High Steward of England.

Jean Froissart described Blanche (following her death) as "jone et jolie" ("young and pretty").[6] Geoffrey Chaucer described "White" (the central figure in his Book of the Duchess, believed to have been inspired by Blanche: see below) in such terms as "rody, fresh, and lyvely hewed", her neck as "whyt, smothe, streght, and flat", and her throat as "a round tour of yvoire": she was "bothe fair and bright", and Nature's "cheef patron [pattern] of beautee".[7]

Gaunt and Blanche's marriage is widely believed to have been happy, although there is little solid evidence for this. The assumption seems to be based on the fact that Gaunt chose to be buried with Blanche, despite his two subsequent marriages, and on the themes of love, devotion and grief expressed in Chaucer's poem (see below) – a rather circular argument, as it is partly on the basis of these themes that the couple's relationship is identified as the inspiration for the poem. Blanche and Gaunt had seven children, three of whom survived infancy.


The tomb of Blanche and John of Gaunt in St. Paul's Cathedral, as represented in an etching of 1658 by Wenceslaus Hollar. The etching includes a number of inaccuracies, for example in not showing the couple with joined hands.

Death and commemoration

Blanche died at Tutbury Castle, Staffordshire, on 12 September 1368 while her husband was overseas.[8] She was 23 years of age at the time of her death,[1] although Froissart reported that she died aged about 22.[9] It is believed that she may have died after contracting the Black Death which was rife in Europe at that time. Her funeral at St. Paul's Cathedral in London was preceded by a magnificent cortege attended by most of the upper nobility and clergy. John of Gaunt held annual commemorations of her death for the rest of his life and established a joint chantry foundation on his own death.

In 1373, Jean Froissart wrote a long poem, Le Joli Buisson de Jonece, commemorating both Blanche and Philippa of Hainault (Gaunt's mother, who had died in 1369).

It may have been for one of the anniversary commemorations of Blanche's death that Geoffrey Chaucer, then a young squire and mostly unknown writer of court poetry, was commissioned to write what became The Book of the Duchess in her honour. Though Chaucer's intentions can never be defined with absolute certainty, many believe that at least one of the aims of the poem was to make John of Gaunt see that his grief for his late wife had become excessive, and to prompt him to try to overcome it.

In 1374, six years after her death, John of Gaunt commissioned a double tomb for himself and Blanche from the mason Henry Yevele. The magnificent monument in the choir of St Paul's was completed by Yevele in 1380, with the assistance of Thomas Wrek, having cost a total of ¹592. Gaunt himself died in 1399, and was laid to rest beside Blanche. The two effigies were notable for having their right hands joined. An adjacent chantry chapel was added between 1399 and 1403.[10]

Issue

Blanche and John of Gaunt together had seven children:[11]

Philippa of Lancaster (31 March 1360 – 19 July 1415), wife of John I of Portugal.
John of Lancaster (c.1362/1364); died in early infancy.
Elizabeth of Lancaster (21 February 1364 – 24 November 1426); married firstly John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, secondly to John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, thirdly to John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope.
Edward of Lancaster (1365–1365).
John of Lancaster (4 May 1366); died in early infancy.
Henry IV of England (3 April 1367 – 20 March 1413); married firstly Mary de Bohun and secondly Joanna of Navarre.
Isabel of Lancaster (b.1368); died young.

The Book of the Duchess

Geoffrey Chaucer was commissioned by Gaunt to write a poem after Blanche's death which was titled The Book of the Duchess. The poem tells the story of the poet's dream. Wandering a wood, the poet discovers a knight clothed in black, and inquires of the knight's sorrow. The knight, meant to represent John of Gaunt, is mourning a terrible tragedy, which mirrors Gaunt's own extended mourning for Blanche.

Birth:
Bolingbroke Castle is a ruined castle in Bolingbroke (or Old Bolingbroke) Lincolnshire, England.

Photo, history & source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolingbroke_Castle

Died:
Tutbury Castle is a largely ruined medieval castle at Tutbury, Staffordshire, England, in the ownership of the Duchy of Lancaster. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. People who have stayed in the castle include Eleanor of Aquitaine and Mary, Queen of Scots, who was a prisoner here.

Photos, history & source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutbury_Castle

It is believed that she may have died after contracting the Black Death which was rife in Europe at that time.

Buried:
St Paul's Cathedral, London, is an Anglican cathedral, the seat of the Bishop of London and the mother church of the Diocese of London. It sits on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London. Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site, founded in AD 604.[1] The present church, dating from the late 17th century, was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren. Its construction, completed in Wren's lifetime, was part of a major rebuilding programme in the City after the Great Fire of London.[2]

The cathedral is one of the most famous and most recognisable sights of London. Its dome, framed by the spires of Wren's City churches, dominated the skyline for 300 years.[3] At 365 feet (111 m) high, it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1962. The dome is among the highest in the world. St Paul's is the second largest church building in area in the United Kingdom after Liverpool Cathedral.

Photos, history & source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral

Blanche married Sir John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster on 19 May 1359 in Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, England. John (son of Edward III, King of England and Philippa of Hainaut, Queen of England) was born on 6 Mar 1340 in St. Bavo's Abbey, Ghent, Belgium; died on 3 Feb 1399 in Leicester Castle, Leicester, Leicestershire, England; was buried on 15 Mar 1399 in St. Paul's Cathedral, London, Middlesex, England.. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

November 27, 2015:

I cannot confirm her parents as there does not appear to be any corraborating data available...DAH

Family/Spouse: Sir John de Stourton. John (son of John Stourton and Lettice LNU) was born after 1361 in Mere, Wiltshire, England; died in 1405; was buried in Stavordale Abbey, Charlton Musgrove, Somersetshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Military: Admiral of the North
• Alt Birth: 1361, Brabant, Meuse, Lorraine, France

Notes:

About John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont
"John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont KG (1361–1396) served in the Hundred Years' War against the partisans of Pope Clement VII."

================================================
Links:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Beaumont,_4th_Baron_Beaumont

http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p511.htm#i15366

http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=100292006

http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I7672&tree=EuropeRoyalNobleHous

http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I935&tree=Nixon

http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I1967&tree=PagetHeraldicBaronag

http://www.thepeerage.com/p2479.htm

================================================
Citations / Sources:

[S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, page 61. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage.

[S8] Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999), volume 1, page 228. Hereinafter cited as Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition.

[S25] #798 The Wallop Family and Their Ancestry, Watney, Vernon James, (4 volumes. Oxford: John Johnson, 1928), FHL book Q 929.242 W159w; FHL microfilm 1696491 it., vol. 1 p. 77, 120.

[S20] Magna Carta Ancestry: A study in Colonial and Medieval Families, Richardson, Douglas, (Kimball G. Everingham, editor. 2nd edition, 2011), vol. 1 p. 159.

_____________________
'Sir John Beaumont, 4th Lord Beaumont, Admiral of the North, Constable of Dover Castle, Warden of the Cinque Ports, Ambassador to France1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
'M, #15366, b. 1361, d. 9 September 1396
Father Sir Henry Beaumont, 3rd Lord Beaumont2,9,10,11 b. 1340, d. 13 Jun 1369
Mother Margaret de Vere2,9,10,11 b. b 1336, d. 15 Jun 1398
' Sir John Beaumont, 4th Lord Beaumont, Admiral of the North, Constable of Dover Castle, Warden of the Cinque Ports, Ambassador to France was born in 1361 at of Folkingham & Barton on Humber, Lincolnshire, England; Age 8 in 1369.2,3 He married Katherine de Everingham, daughter of Sir Adam de Everingham, 2nd Lord Everingham and Joan Deiville, circa 1379; They had 4 sons (Sir Henry, 5th Lord Beaumont; John; Sir Thomas; & Richard) and 4 daughters (Joan; Elizabeth, wife of Sir William Botreaux; Eleanor, a nun at Amesbury; & Margaret, a nun at Dartford).2,3,4,5,7,8,12 Sir John Beaumont, 4th Lord Beaumont, Admiral of the North, Constable of Dover Castle, Warden of the Cinque Ports, Ambassador to France left a will on 8 September 1396.3 He died on 9 September 1396 at Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland; Buried at Sempringham Priory, Lincolnshire.2,3 His estate was probated on 26 October 1396.3
'Family Katherine de Everingham d. c 1 Feb 1427
Children
Sir Henry Beaumont, 5th Lord Beaumont+13,3,12 b. 11 May 1380, d. 15 Jun 1413
Elizabeth Beaumont+13,14,3,4,6,7,12 b. c 1389, d. bt 1426 - 1458
Sir Thomas Beaumont, Lord Basquerville+ b. c 1389, d. 1475
Citations
1.[S4119] Unknown author, Europaische Stammtafeln by Isenburg, chart 685, Vol. 3; The Complete Peerage, by Cokayne, Vol. II, p. 61; Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists, p. 23; Plantagenet Ancestry of 17th Century Colonists, by David Faris, p. 187.
2.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 85.
3.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. I, p. 159-160.
4.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. II, p. 429.
5.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 42.
6.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 140.
7.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 151.
8.[S6] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry: 2nd Edition, Vol. II, p. 3.
9.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. I, p. 158-159.
10.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 40-41.
11.[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 310-312.
12.[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 313.
13.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 85-86.
14.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 503.
From: http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p511.htm#i15366
_________________________

John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont
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John Beaumont,
4th Baron Beaumont
GarterStallPlate JohnBeaumont 4thBaronBeaumont KG.xcf
Garter stall plate of John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont. Beaumont quartering Comyn
Born 1361
Died 1396
Allegiance England
Commands held Admiral of the North

Arms of Beaumont: Azure semâee of fleurs-de-lis, a lion rampant or [1]
John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont KG (1361–1396) was an English military commander and Admiral who served in the Hundred Years' War against the partisans of Pope Clement VII.


Contents
1 Origins
2 Career
3 Marriage
4 References
Origins
Beaumont was born in 1361[2] in the Duchy of Brabant, the only son of Henry Beaumont, 3rd Baron Beaumont (1340–1369), by his wife Margaret, daughter of John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford, by his wife Maud de Badlesmere. His paternal grandparents were John Beaumont, 2nd Baron Beaumont (aft. 1317–1342) and Eleanor of Lancaster (1318–1372), the fifth daughter of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (c. 1281–1345).

Career
He was knighted by King Edward III. He was appointed Admiral of the North from 20 May 1388–22 June 1389 jointly with Sir John Roches from 23 June until to 22 March 1390 he held the office solely, 1389 he was briefly Warden of the West March. In 1392 was appointed Constable of Dover Castle and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. He was created a Knight of the Garter and was one of the Embassy to France to demand Princess Isabel in marriage for the King.

Marriage

Effigy presumed that of Elizabeth Beaumont, daughter of John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont. She became the 1st wife of William de Botreaux, 3rd Baron Botreaux. North Cadbury Church, Somerset

Heraldic escutcheon incised on tombstone of Reginald de Botreaux (d.1420), died young, whose mother was Elizabeth Beaumont, daughter of John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont. Aller Church, Somerset. It shows the impaled arms of his parents: Baron: Argent, a griffin segreant gules armed azure (Botreaux); Femme: Azure seme of fleurs-de-lis a lion rampant or (Beaumont)
In 1389 he married Catherine Everingham (1367–1426/8), daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas Everingham of Laxton, Nottinghamshire.[3] They had the five children:[4]

Henry Beaumont, 5th Baron Beaumont (d.1413), eldest son and heir, who married Elizabeth Willoughby, daughter of William Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby de Eresby (c.1370–1409), by whom he had issue John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont KG, the first ever viscount created in England.
Richard Beaumont, 2nd son.
Sir Thomas Beaumont, Lord of Bacqueville in France, 3rd son, who married Philippa Marward, daughter of Thomas Marward of Quartermarshe, Leicestershire. From this union descended the Beaumonts of Gracedieu in Leicestershire, the Beaumonts of Gittisham, near Honiton in Devon (inherited "for the sake of the name"[5] from the also ancient but unrelated family of Beaumont of Shirwell in North Devon) and the Beaumonts of Coleorton in Leicestershire, which latter were the ancestors of the Beaumont baronets.
Eleanora Beaumont, a nun at Amesbury Abbey.
Elizabeth (or Cecilia[6]) Beaumont, married, as his first wife, William de Botreaux, 3rd Baron Botreaux(1389–1462), whose sole heiress was his daughter Margaret Botreaux who married Robert Hungerford, 2nd Baron Hungerford.
References
Debrett's Peerage, 1968, Beaumont baronets, p.59
Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, 1st series, Vol. 12, No. 321, page 291 records that on 3 August 1369 the jurors at an inquisition held at Whitwick, Leicestershire, into his father's estates testified that John, the son and heir, was aged 8 years in the previous March.
Vivian, Visitation of Devon, 1895, p.63
Vivian, Visitation of Devon, 1895, p.63
Tristram Risdon, Survey of Devon
Vivian, Visitation of Devon, 1895, p.63

end of this biography

John married Lady Katherine de Everingham, Baroness Beaumont in 1389. Katherine (daughter of Sir Adam de Everingham, 2nd Lord Everingham and Joan Deville) was born in ~1365 in Laxton, Nottinghamshire, England; died in 1425-1428 in Laxton, Nottinghamshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Elizabeth of Lancaster (bf. 21 February 1363[1] – 24 November 1426) was the third child of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and his first wife Blanche of Lancaster.

Life

Some sources list her as having been born after 1 January 1363, but prior to 21 February 1363. She was born in Burford, Shropshire. In her childhood, she was raised in her father's royal household under Katherine Swynford, whom she held in high regard. She grew up a headstrong and spirited young woman compared to her more serious elder sister.

Marriages

First Marriage

On 24 June 1380, at Kenilworth Castle, she married John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke. She was seventeen years old and the groom was only eight.[2] She was transferred to another household befitting her new rank as Countess of Pembroke. However, six years later, the marriage between Elizabeth and young Hastings was annulled.

Second Marriage

By the age of 23, Elizabeth had tired of her 14-year-old husband. It is said that she had also been seduced by her cousin Richard II of England's half-brother John Holland, a known schemer, and had become pregnant by him.[3] This forced her father to have her marriage annulled, and on 24 June 1386, at Plymouth, she hastily married John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter. Fortunately, her father dealt with her leniently and favoured his new son-in-law, such was Holland’s charm.

Third Marriage

Holland was executed in 1400 for conspiring during the Epiphany Rising against his cousin, Elizabeth's brother Henry IV of England, who had by this time usurped the throne from Richard II. That same year, Elizabeth married Sir John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Milbroke. Her marriage to Sir John caused some scandal, since Sir John failed to ask her brother for permission to marry Elizabeth. This resulted in Sir John's arrest. However, the marriage is said to have been a happy and loving one[4] and they went on to have two children together, Constance and John.

Elizabeth died in 1426 and was buried at Burford Church, Burford, Shropshire.

Children

With John Holland she had six children:

Richard Holland, 2nd Earl of Huntingdon (d. 3 September 1400), eldest son and heir, who survived his father only 7 months
Constance Holland (1387–1437) who married Thomas Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk and Sir John Grey and had issue.
Elizabeth Holland (c. 1389 – 18 November 1449); who married Sir Roger Fiennes and had issue.
Alice Holland (c. 1392 – c. 1406) who married Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford; had no issue.
John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter (1395–1447); had issue.
Sir Edward Holland (1399–1413); had no issue.

Elizabeth married Sir John Holland, Knight, 1st Duke of Exeter on 24 Jun 1386 in Plymouth, England. John (son of Thomas Holland, Knight, 1st Earl of Kent and Lady Joan of Kent, 4th Countess of Kent) was born in ~ 1352 in England; died on 16 Jan 1400 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"...he became the first King of England from the Lancaster branch of the Plantagenets."

Marriage and issue

The date and venue of Henry's first marriage, to Mary de Bohun, are uncertain, but her marriage licence, purchased by Henry's father John of Gaunt in June 1380 is preserved at the National Archives. The accepted date of the ceremony is 5 February 1381, at Mary's family home of Rochford Hall, Essex.[2] Alternately, the near-contemporary chronicler Jean Froissart reports a rumour that Mary's sister Eleanor de Bohun kidnapped Mary from Pleshey Castle and held her at Arundel Castle, where she was kept as a novice nun; Eleanor's intention was to control Mary's half of the Bohun inheritance (or to allow her husband, Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, to control it).[24][25] There Mary was persuaded to marry Henry. They had six children:[26]

Henry V of England (1386–1422)
Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence (1387–1421)
John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (1389–1435)
Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester (1390–1447)
Blanche of England (1392–1409) married in 1402 Louis III, Elector Palatine
Philippa of England (1394–1430) married in 1406 Eric of Pomerania, king of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
Mary died in 1394, and on 7 February 1403 Henry married Joanna of Navarre, the daughter of Charles d'âEvreux, King of Navarre, at Winchester. She was the widow of John V of Brittany, with whom she had had four daughters and four sons; however, her marriage to the King of England was to be childless. But Henry had already four sons from his first marriage, which was undoubtedly a clinching factor in his acceptability for the throne. By contrast, Richard II had no children and Richard's heir-presumptive Edmund Mortimer was only seven years old. The only two of Henry's six children who produced children to survive to adulthood were Henry V and Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. Henry IV's male Lancaster line ended in 1471 during the War of the Roses, between the Lancastrians and the Yorkists, with the deaths of his grandson Henry VI and Henry VI's son Edward, Prince of Wales. The descendants of Henry IV's son Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, include Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, queen consort of George VI and mother of Elizabeth II,[27] and the Queen's current daughters-in-law Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, and Sophie, Countess of Wessex.[28]

Birth:
Photos of Bolingbroke Castle ... http://www.picturesofengland.com/England/Lincolnshire/Old_Bolingbroke/Bolingbroke_Castle/pictures/1170145

Buried:
Canterbury Cathedral Picture Gallery ... https://www.expedia.com/pictures/kent/canterbury/canterbury-cathedral.d6091945/

Henry married Mary de Bohun on 5 Feb 1381. Mary (daughter of Sir Humphrey de Bohun, Knight and Joan FitzAlan) was born in 1368 in (Hereford, Herefordshire, England); died on 4 Jun 1394 in Peterborough Castle. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Cecilia Mirfield(Whitley, Yorkshire, England). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth: 1387
Ruthin
Denbighshire, Wales
Death: Nov. 14, 1437
London
City of London
Greater London, England

=================

Sir John Grey KG (c. 1387 – August 27, 1439), English nobleman and soldier, was the eldest son of Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn and Margaret Roos.[1] He was also Captain of Gourney.

He traveled with the king to France in 1415 and 1417.[1] He fought at the Battle of Agincourt and was invested as the 151st Knight of the Garter on 5 May 1436.[1]

He married before 1410, Lady Constance Holland (c.1387–14 November 1437), the daughter of Elizabeth of Lancaster, and John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter;[1] the half brother of King Richard II. By her mother, Constance was a niece of King Henry IV. She was the widow of Thomas Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk, whom she had been betrothed to as a 4-year-old child,[1] but the marriage was never consummated.[citation needed] Mowbray was executed at age nineteen due to his revolt against her uncle, King Henry IV.[1]

Sir John Grey and Constance Holland had three children:[1]
Edmund Grey, 1st Earl of Kent (1416–1490)[1]
Thomas Grey, 1st Baron of Richemount Grey (from Ridgmount, Bedfordshire) in 1450. Executed in 1461.[2]
Constance Grey, who married Sir Richard Herbert.[1]

After the death of Constance, Grey married Lady Margaret Mowbray, daughter of Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk and widow of Sir Robert Howard, before 1 July 1438.[1] They had no issue.[1]

Grey predeceased his father, who was succeeded by Edmund.

References

1.^ Douglas Richardson. Magna Carta Ancestry: a study in colonial and medieval families, Genealogical Publishing, 2005. pg 380-81. Google eBook

2.^ R. Ian Jack, ‘Grey family (per. 1325–1523)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008.
thePeerage.com

Jack, R. Ian, "Grey family", on the website of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (subscription or UK public library membership required)

"Grey, Reginald de". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

===================


Family links:
Parents:
John de Holand (1350 - 1400)
Elizabeth Lancaster (1363 - 1425)

Spouse:
John Of Ruthin De Grey (1387 - 1439)*

Children:
Edmund Grey (1416 - 1490)*

Siblings:
Constance Holland de Mowbray Grey (1387 - 1437)
John Holland (1395 - 1447)*
John De Holland (1395 - 1447)*

*Calculated relationship

Burial:
St Katherine by the Tower
London
City of London
Greater London, England
Plot: She was buried by her brother John Holand or Holland, Duke of Exeter before the church was destroyed in the 1800s.

Created by: Carole Elizabeth Nurmi ...
Record added: Dec 10, 2012
Find A Grave Memorial# 101998783

end of biography

Family/Spouse: Sir John de Grey, Knight. John (son of Sir Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn and Dame Margaret de Ros, Baroness Grey de Ruthyn ) was born in 0___ 1387 in Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales; died on 27 Apr 1439 in Castle Acre, Norfolk, England; was buried in All Saints Churchyard, Old Buckenham, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir Roger Fiennes, Knight. Roger (son of William de Fiennes and Elizabeth Battisford) was born in ~ 1384; died in ~ 1449; was buried in All Saints, Herstmonceaux, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Admiral of England, Ireland and Aquitaine
• Occupation: Constable of the Tower of London
• Military: Battle of Agincourt
• Military: Battle of Bauge
• Military: Knight of the Garter

Notes:

Holland was just a boy when his father conspired against Henry IV and was attainted and executed. Nevertheless, he was given a chance to serve Henry V in the 1415 campaign in France, where he distinguished himself at Agincourt .

The next year Holland was restored in blood and to his father's earldom of Huntingdon, and was made a Knight of the Garter . (His older brother Richard had died in 1400).

Over the next five years he held various important commands with the English forces in France and in 1420 was made Constable of the Tower of London . He was captured by the French in 1421 at the Battle of Baugâe and spent four years in captivity, not being released until 1425.

Occupation:
There is an effigy of this John Holland in the Chapel of St. Peter de Vincula in the Tower of London .

John married Lady Anne Stafford on 6 Mar 1427 in England. Anne (daughter of Sir Edmund Stafford, Knight, 5th Earl of Stafford and Anne of Gloucester) was born in England; died on 20 Sep 1432 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Lady Anne MontacuteEngland. Anne (daughter of Sir John Montacute, KG, 3rd Earl of Salisbury and Lady Maud Francis, Countess of Salisbury) was born in (Salisbury) England; died on 28 Nov 1457 in England; was buried in London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Henry V (9 August 1386 – 31 August 1422[1][2]) was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 36 in 1422. He was the second English monarch who came from the House of Lancaster.

After military experience fighting the Welsh during the revolt of Owain Glyndwr, and against the powerful aristocratic Percys of Northumberland at the Battle of Shrewsbury, Henry came into political conflict with his father, whose health was increasingly precarious from 1405 onward. After his father's death in 1413, Henry assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France in the ongoing Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) between the two nations. His military successes culminated in his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt (1415) and saw him come close to conquering France. After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France, the Treaty of Troyes (1420) recognised Henry V as regent and heir apparent to the French throne, and he was subsequently married to Charles's daughter, Catherine of Valois (1401–37). Following Henry V's sudden and unexpected death in France two years later, he was succeeded by his infant son, who reigned as Henry VI (1422–61,

Early life

Henry was born in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle, Monmouth, Principality of Wales (and for that reason was sometimes called Henry of Monmouth). He was the son of 20-year-old Henry of Bolingbroke (later Henry IV of England), and 16-year-old Mary de Bohun. He was also the grandson of the influential John of Gaunt and great-grandson of Edward III of England. At the time of his birth, Richard II of England, his cousin once removed, was king. As he was not close to the line of succession to the throne, Henry's date of birth was not officially documented. His grandfather, John of Gaunt, was the guardian of the king at that time.[1][2]


Halfpenny of Henry V
Upon the exile of Henry's father in 1398, Richard II took the boy into his own charge and treated him kindly. The young Henry accompanied King Richard to Ireland, and while in the royal service, he visited Trim Castle in County Meath, the ancient meeting place of the Irish Parliament. In 1399, Henry's grandfather died. The same year King Richard II was overthrown by the Lancastrian usurpation that brought Henry's father to the throne, and Henry was recalled from Ireland into prominence as heir apparent to the Kingdom of England. He was created Prince of Wales at his father's coronation, and Duke of Lancaster on 10 November 1399, the third person to hold the title that year. His other titles were Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester, and Duke of Aquitaine. A contemporary record notes that during that year Henry spent time at The Queen's College, Oxford, under the care of his uncle Henry Beaufort, the Chancellor of the university.[4] From 1400 to 1404, he carried out the duties of High Sheriff of Cornwall.

Less than three years later, Henry was in command of part of the English forces—he led his own army into Wales against Owain Glyndwr and joined forces with his father to fight Harry Hotspur at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403.[5] It was there that the sixteen-year-old prince was almost killed by an arrow that became stuck in his face. An ordinary soldier might have died from such a wound, but Henry had the benefit of the best possible care. Over a period of several days, John Bradmore, the royal physician, treated the wound with honey to act as an antiseptic, crafted a tool to screw into the broken arrow shaft and thus extract the arrow without doing further damage, and then flushed the wound with alcohol. The operation was successful, but it left Henry with permanent scars, evidence of his experience in battle.[6] For eighteen months, in 1410–11, Henry was in control of the country during his father's ill health, and he took full advantage of the opportunity to impose his own policies, but when the king recovered, he reversed most of these and dismissed the prince from his council.[7]

Role in government and conflict with Henry IV

Henry, while Prince of Wales, presenting Thomas Hoccleve's, Regement of Princes to the Duke of Norfolk, British Library, 1411–13
The Welsh revolt of Owain Glyndwr absorbed Henry's energies until 1408. Then, as a result of the king's ill health, Henry began to take a wider share in politics. From January 1410, helped by his uncles Henry Beaufort and Thomas Beaufort – legitimised sons of John of Gaunt – he had practical control of the government.

Both in foreign and domestic policy he differed from the king, who in November 1411 discharged the prince from the council. The quarrel of father and son was political only, though it is probable that the Beauforts had discussed the abdication of Henry IV, and their opponents certainly endeavoured to defame the prince.

Supposed riotous youth

It may be that the tradition of Henry's riotous youth, immortalised by Shakespeare, is partly due to political enmity. Henry's record of involvement in war and politics, even in his youth, disproves this tradition. The most famous incident, his quarrel with the chief justice, has no contemporary authority and was first related by Sir Thomas Elyot in 1531.[8]

The story of Falstaff originated in Henry's early friendship with Sir John Oldcastle, a supporter of the Lollards. Shakespeare's Falstaff was originally named "Oldcastle", following his main source, The Famous Victories of Henry V. However, his descendants objected, and the name was changed (the character became a composite of several real persons, including Sir John Fastolf). That friendship, and the prince's political opposition to Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury, perhaps encouraged Lollard hopes. If so, their disappointment may account for the statements of ecclesiastical writers like Thomas Walsingham that Henry, on becoming king, was suddenly changed into a new man.[9]

Accession to the throne

After Henry IV died on 20 March 1413, Henry V succeeded him and was crowned on 9 April 1413 at Westminster Abbey, London, Kingdom of England. The ceremony was marked by a terrible snowstorm, but the common people were undecided as to whether it was a good or bad omen.[10] Henry was described as having been "very tall (6ft 3 in), slim, with dark hair cropped in a ring above the ears, and clean-shaven". His complexion was ruddy, the face lean with a prominent and pointed nose. Depending on his mood, his eyes "flashed from the mildness of a dove's to the brilliance of a lion's".[11]

Domestic policy

A gold noble coin of Henry V
Henry tackled all of the domestic policies together and gradually built on them a wider policy. From the first, he made it clear that he would rule England as the head of a united nation. On the one hand, he let past differences be forgotten – the late Richard II was honourably re-interred; the young Mortimer was taken into favour; the heirs of those who had suffered in the last reign were restored gradually to their titles and estates. On the other hand, where Henry saw a grave domestic danger, he acted firmly and ruthlessly – such as the Lollard discontent in January 1414, including the execution by burning of Henry's old friend Sir John Oldcastle in 1417, so as to "nip the movement in the bud" and make his own position as ruler secure.


English chancery hand. Facsimile of letter from Henry, 1418
His reign was generally free from serious trouble at home. The exception was the Southampton Plot in favour of Mortimer, involving Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham and Richard, Earl of Cambridge (grandfather of the future King Edward IV of England), in July 1415.

Starting in August 1417, Henry V promoted the use of the English language in government, [12] and his reign marks the appearance of Chancery Standard English as well as the adoption of English as the language of record within Government. He was the first king to use English in his personal correspondence since the Norman conquest, which had occurred 350 years earlier.[13][14]

Foreign affairs

Diplomacy

Henry could now turn his attention to foreign affairs. A writer of the next generation was the first to allege that Henry was encouraged by ecclesiastical statesmen to enter into the French war as a means of diverting attention from home troubles. This story seems to have no foundation. Old commercial disputes and the support the French had lent to Owain Glyndwr were used as an excuse for war, while the disordered state of France afforded no security for peace. The French king, Charles VI of France, was prone to mental illness; at times he thought he was made of glass, and his eldest surviving son was an unpromising prospect. However, it was the old dynastic claim to the throne of France, first pursued by Edward III of England, that justified war with France in English opinion.

Following Agincourt, Sigismund, then King of Hungary and later Holy Roman Emperor, made a visit to Henry in hopes of making peace between England and France. His goal was to persuade Henry to modify his demands against the French. Henry lavishly entertained the emperor and even had him enrolled in the Order of the Garter. Sigismund, in turn, inducted Henry into the Order of the Dragon.[15] Henry had intended to crusade for the order after uniting the English and French thrones, but he died before fulfilling his plans.[16][17][18] Sigismund left England several months later, having signed the Treaty of Canterbury, acknowledging English claims to France.

Campaigns in France
Henry may have regarded the assertion of his own claims as part of his royal duty, but in any case, a permanent settlement of the national debate was essential to the success of his foreign policy.

1415 campaign

Main article: Siege of Harfleur

The ratification of the Treaty of Troyes between Henry and Charles VI of France
On 12 August 1415, Henry sailed for France, where his forces besieged the fortress at Harfleur, capturing it on 22 September. Afterwards, Henry decided to march with his army across the French countryside towards Calais, despite the warnings of his council.[19] On 25 October 1415, on the plains near the village of Agincourt, a French army intercepted his route. Despite his men-at-arms being exhausted, outnumbered and malnourished, Henry led his men into battle, decisively defeating the French, who suffered severe losses. It is often argued that the French men-at-arms were bogged down in the muddy battlefield, soaked from the previous night of heavy rain, and that this hindered the French advance, allowing them to be sitting targets for the flanking English and Welsh archers. Most were simply hacked to death while completely stuck in the deep mud. Nevertheless, the victory is seen as Henry's greatest, ranking alongside the battle of Poitiers.

During the battle,[20] Henry ordered that the French prisoners taken during the battle be put to death, including some of the most illustrious who could be used for ransom. Cambridge Historian Brett Tingley posits that Henry was concerned that the prisoners might turn on their captors when the English were busy repelling a third wave of enemy troops, thus jeopardising a hard-fought victory.

The victorious conclusion of Agincourt, from the English viewpoint, was only the first step in the campaign to recover the French possessions that he felt belonged to the English crown. Agincourt also held out the promise that Henry's pretensions to the French throne might be realised.

Diplomacy and command of the sea

Command of the sea was secured by driving the Genoese allies of the French out of the English Channel. While Henry was occupied with peace negotiations in 1416, a French and Genoese fleet surrounded the harbour at the English-garrisoned Harfleur. A French land force also besieged the town. To relieve Harfleur, Henry sent his brother, John of Lancaster, the Duke of Bedford, who raised a fleet and set sail from Beachy Head on 14 August. The Franco-Genoese fleet was defeated the following day after a gruelling seven-hour battle, and Harfleur was relieved. Diplomacy successfully detached Emperor Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, from France, and the Treaty of Canterbury in 1416 paved the way to end the Western Schism in the Church.

1417–20 campaign

Late 15th century depiction of Henry's marriage to Catherine of Valois
So, with those two potential enemies gone, and after two years of patient preparation following the Battle of Agincourt, Henry renewed the war on a larger scale in 1417. Lower Normandy was quickly conquered, and Rouen was cut off from Paris and besieged. This siege cast an even darker shadow on the reputation of the king than his order to slay the French prisoners at Agincourt. Rouen, starving and unable to support the women and children of the town, forced them out through the gates believing that Henry would allow them to pass through his army unmolested. However, Henry refused to allow this, and the expelled women and children died of starvation in the ditches surrounding the town. The French were paralysed by the disputes between Burgundians and Armagnacs. Henry skilfully played them off one against the other, without relaxing his warlike approach.

In January 1419, Rouen fell. Those Norman French who had resisted were severely punished: Alain Blanchard, who had hanged English prisoners from the walls of Rouen, was summarily executed; Robert de Livet, Canon of Rouen, who had excommunicated the English king, was packed off to England and imprisoned for five years.[21]

By August, the English were outside the walls of Paris. The intrigues of the French parties culminated in the assassination of John the Fearless by the Dauphin's partisans at Montereau (10 September 1419). Philip the Good, the new Duke, and the French court threw themselves into Henry's arms. After six months of negotiation, the Treaty of Troyes recognised Henry as the heir and regent of France (see English Kings of France), and on 2 June 1420 at Troyes Cathedral, he married Catherine of Valois, the French king's daughter. (They had only one son; Henry was born on 6 December 1421 at Windsor Castle.) From June to July 1420, Henry's army besieged and took the castle at Montereau. He besieged and captured Melun in November, returning to England shortly thereafter.

1421 campaign and death

While he was in England, Henry's brother Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, led the English forces in France. In March 1421, Thomas led the English to a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Baugâe against an Franco-Scot army of the Dauphin. The Duke himself was killed in the battle. On 10 June 1421, Henry sailed back to France to retrieve the situation. It would be his last military campaign. From July to August, Henry's forces besieged and captured Dreux, thus relieving allied forces at Chartres. That October, his forces lay siege to Meaux, capturing it on 2 May 1422.

Henry V died suddenly on 31 August 1422 at the Chãateau de Vincennes, apparently from dysentery,[22] which he had contracted during the siege of Meaux. He was 36 years old and had reigned for nine years.

Shortly before his death, Henry V named his brother John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, regent of France in the name of his son Henry VI of England, then only a few months old. Henry V did not live to be crowned King of France himself, as he might confidently have expected after the Treaty of Troyes, because the sickly Charles VI, to whom he had been named heir, survived him by two months. Henry's comrade-in-arms and Lord Steward John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, brought his body back to England and bore the royal standard at his funeral.[23] Henry V was buried in Westminster Abbey on 7 November 1422.

Arms

As Prince of Wales, Henry's arms were those of the kingdom, differenced by a label argent of three points.[24] Upon his accession, he inherited use of the arms of the kingdom undifferenced.

Marriage and ancestry

Henry V married Catherine of Valois, daughter of Charles VI of France and younger sister of the widow of Richard II, Isabella of Valois (who died several years after her husband), in 1420. Her dowry, upon the agreement between the two kingdoms, was 600,000 crowns.[25] Together the couple had one child, Henry. Upon Henry V's death, the infant Prince was made king and was crowned Henry VI of England.[26]

Died:
of dysentery...

Henry married Catherine of Valois, Queen consort of England in 1420. Catherine (daughter of Charles VI, King of France and Isabella of Bavaria, Queen of France) was born on 27 Oct 1401 in Paris, France; died on 3 Jan 1437 in London, Middlesex, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, 20 Deans Yd, London SW1P 3PA, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Eleanor Cobham. Eleanor (daughter of Sir Reynold Cobham, 3rd Baron Cobham and Eleanor Culpeper) was born in ~1400; died on 7 Jul 1452. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

About Joan Elizabeth Wentworth (Beaumont)
Alternate birth c.1443, c.1375

'The Wentworth genealogy: English and American, Volume 1 By John Wentworth
http://books.google.com/books?id=KR8aAAAAIAAJ&printsec=toc#v=onepage&q=Beaumont&f=false
Pg.50-51
We now return to the direct line from Reginald1 Wentworth, the Saxon, and take up the history of the eldest son of John13 (XIII) Wentworth, of North Elmsall, and Agnes (Dronsfiled), viz.--
XIV. 'JOHN14 WENTWORTH, Esq., of North Elmsall, who married JOAN (or ELIZABETH, according to some authorities), daughter of Richard BEAUMONT, Esq., of Whitley Hall, co. York, and had issue three sons, -- John, Roger, and William. Of the latter two nothing further is known. The eldest son
XV. John15 Wentworth, Esq., of North Elmsall, married Elizabeth, daughter of William Calverley, Esq., of Calverley, co. York, and had issue, a daughter Jane, who married William Goldthorpe, Esq., of Goldthorpe, co. York; and Thomas.
_______________
'The Wentworth genealogy, comprising the origin of the name, the family in England, and a particular account of Elder William Wentworth, the emigrant, and of his descendants (1870)
http://www.archive.org/stream/wentworthgenealo01inwent#page/n95/mode/2up
http://www.archive.org/stream/wentworthgenealo01inwent#page/n170/mode/1up
XIII. John Wentworth, Esq., of North Elmsall, who married Agnes, sister and co-heir of Sir William Dronsfield, of West Bretton, in Yorkshire, and living in 1413. He had four sons, viz:
http://www.archive.org/stream/wentworthgenealo01inwent#page/n186/mode/1up
The direct line was continued by the eldest son--
XIV. 'John Wentworth, Esq., of North Elmsall, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Beaumont, Esq., of Whitley Hall, in Yorkshire (which estate has continued in that family till the present century), and was succeeded by his eldest son --
XV. John Wentworth, Esq., of North Elmsall, who married Elizabeth, daughter of William Calverley, Esq., of Calverley, in Yorkshire, and had issue: - one daughter, Jane, who married William Goldthorpe, Esq., of Goldthorpe, in Yorkshire; and on only son--
------------------------
http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/WENTWORTH.htm#John WENTWORTH of North Elmsall1
John WENTWORTH of North Elmsall
Born: ABT 1370 / 1375 / 1416 / 25 Jun 1423, North Elmsall, York, England
Died: 11 Jun 1461 / 1465
Father: John WENTWORTH of North Elmsall (Esq.)
Mother: Agnes DRONSFIELD
'Married: Elizabeth BEAUMONT (dau of Richard Beaumont of Whitley Hall) ABT 1419
Children:
1. John WENTWORTH of North Elmsall (Esq.)
2. Roger WENTWORTH of Nettlestead (Sir)
Married 2: Maud CLIFFORD (C. Cambridge) ABT 1429, North Elmsall, York, England
_________________________
http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p424.htm#i12726
'Joan Beaumont1
F
Father Richard Beaumont, Esq.
'Joan Beaumont married John Wentworth, Esq., son of John Wentworth, Esq. and Agnes Dornsfield. Joan Beaumont was born at of Whitley Hall, Yorkshire, England.
Family John Wentworth, Esq.
Children
?John Wentworth, Esq.+
?William Wentworth
Citations
1.[S3545] Unknown author, The Ancestry of Dorothea Poyntz, by Ronny O. Bodine, p. 62.
____________________
http://www.stirnet.com/main/index.php?option=com_wrapper&Itemid=79&startUrl=http://www.stirnet.com/HTML/genie/british/ww/wentworth03.htm
(A) Richard Beaumont of Whitley Beaumont (d 1472
m. Cecilia Mirfield
(i) Thomas Beaumont of Whitley Beaumont (d 1495)
m. (1456) Elizabeth Nevile (dau of Robert Nevile of Liversage)
(ii) Johanna Beaumont
m. Thomas Madley of Thornhill
(iii) Elizabeth Beaumont (probably the 2nd daughter not named by BLG1850
m. John Wentworth of North Elmsall (d 11.06.1461)
(iv) Alice
m. Robert Gargrave of Gargrave
(v)+ 2 sons
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'The Magna Charta sureties, 1215: the barons named in the Magna Charta, 1215 ... By Frederick Lewis Weis, William Ryland Beall
http://books.google.com/books?id=59XcwoRK9jkC&pg=PA94&lpg=PA94&dq=Joan+Elizabeth+Beaumont+Wentworth&source=bl&ots=KFqnstaS3o&sig=50gK_88M8KoZ_x81faZAywS2J3o&hl=en&ei=BhA1TeCrF5HSsAPr5rT7BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBzge#v=onepage&q=Joan%20Elizabeth%20Beaumont%20Wentworth&f=false
Pg. 94
14. Elizabeth Calverley; m. Thomas Wentworth, of North Elmsall, son of Sir 'John Wentworth, of North Elmsall, co. York, and Jane, dau. of Richard Beaumont. (Generations 13 to 19: Lincolnshire Pedigrees, pp. 1062-1063; Wentworth Genealogy, I 55-63; Marbury ancestry, p. 25; William Flower, Visitations of Yorkshire, 1563-1564).
_____________
'Genealogical and personal memoirs relating to the families of ..., Volume 1 By William Richard Cutter
http://books.google.com/books?id=OU0k2d8nl3IC&pg=PA492&lpg=PA492&dq=Joan+Elizabeth+Beaumont+Wentworth&source=bl&ots=iCEuGZvMzj&sig=Aja_dZ184zGc3lQar5pvsHnmdWk&hl=en&ei=Kgs1TdCqK5S0sAOXoJywBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFAQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Joan%20Elizabeth%20Beaumont%20Wentworth&f=false
Pg. 492
'dau. of Richard Beaumont, Esq., of Whitley Hall, Yorkshire.
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'New England families, genealogical and memorial: a record of the ..., Volume 1 edited by William Richard Cutter
http://books.google.com/books?id=1tAUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=Joan+Elizabeth+Beaumont+Wentworth&source=bl&ots=ydQN1eq0Sf&sig=WCckK3Nrs30l-XHuqmfQZeaq8Gw&hl=en&ei=vws1Td7KKYS2sAO16d3YBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=Joan%20Elizabeth%20Beaumont%20Wentworth&f=false
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'dau. of Richard Beaumont, Esq., of Whitley Hall, Yorkshire.
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'Genealogical and family history of the state of New Hampshire: a ..., Volume 3 By Lewis publishing company, Chicago
http://books.google.com/books?id=EthxO9RvKw8C&pg=PA1308&lpg=PA1308&dq=Joan+Elizabeth+Beaumont+Wentworth&source=bl&ots=-0d2Mf0zAf&sig=fw9YnAS183NUSWOtfRRzYFrYQCI&hl=en&ei=vws1Td7KKYS2sAO16d3YBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CEMQ6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q=Joan%20Elizabeth%20Beaumont%20Wentworth&f=false
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'dau. of Richard Beaumont, Esq.
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Joan married Sir John Wentworth in ~1419 in (Yorkshire) England. John (son of John Wentworth and Agnes Dronsfield) was born on 21 Jul 1395 in North Elmsall, Yorkshire, England; died on 11 Jun 1461 in West Riding, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth: 1415
Norfolk, England
Death: Apr. 4, 1474
Norfolk, England

Daughter of John Grey, Esq. of Kempston, the eldest son of sir Reginald, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn.

First wife of Sir William Knyvett, the son of John Knyvett and Alice Lynne, Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, Constable of Rising Castle. They had the following children:
* Sir Edmund Knyvett, married Eleanor Tyrell
* Anne Knyvett, married John Thwaites
* Elizabeth Knyvett

After Alice died, Sir William would become the second husband of Lady Joan Stafford, the daughter of Humphrey Stafford and Lady Anne Neville, and have three sons and three daughters. His third marriage would be to Lady Joan Courtenay, the daughter of Thomas de Courtenay and Lady Margaret Beaufort.
Bio by Anne Stevens

Family links:
Parents:
John Of Ruthin De Grey (1387 - 1439)

Spouse:
William Knyvett (____ - 1515)*

Children:
Edmund Knyvett (1462 - 1504)*

Sibling:
Alice Grey Knyvett (1415 - 1474)
Edmund Grey (1416 - 1490)*

*Calculated relationship

Burial:
All Saints Churchyard
Old Buckenham
Breckland Borough
Norfolk, England

Maintained by: Larraine Demerly
Originally Created by: Jerry Ferren
Record added: Jan 21, 2011
Find A Grave Memorial# 64489740

end of biography

Family/Spouse: Sir William Knyvett. William was born in (Norfolkshire) England; died in 0___ 1515; was buried in Wymondham Abbey, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Treasurer of England

Notes:

Birth: Oct. 26, 1416
Death: May 22, 1490

======================

Edmund Grey, 1st Earl of Kent (26 October 1416 – 22 May 1490), English administrator,[1] nobleman and magnate, was the son of Sir John Grey, KG and Constance Holland.

His main residence was at Wrest near Silsoe Bedfordshire.

==================

Lineage

Through Constance Holland, he was great-grandson of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, the third son of King Edward III of England, by his first wife, and thus grand-nephew of King Henry IV of England and Philippa of Lancaster.

Grey succeeded his grandfather Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn in 1440.

He married Lady Katherine Percy, a great-grandaughter of John of Gaunt by his third wife, Katherine Swynford, and also a paternal descendant of King Edward III of England through his second son, Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence. After the death of their first son, the second, George, became his heir and eventually George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent (d. 15 December 1505).

=================

Knighthood

Edmund Grey was knighted following service in Aquitaine in October 1440. He attended the royal council between 1456 and 1458. Active militarily in the Wars of the Roses, he especially played a decisive role in the Battle of Northampton by switching his allegiance from the Lancastrian to the Yorkist cause. For this action he was rewarded by Edward IV with a grant of the manor of Ampthill ownership of which had come into dispute between Grey, Ralph Lord Cromwell and Henry Holland Duke of Exeter.[1]

================

Treasurer of England

Edmund Grey's appointment as treasurer of England was enacted at Westminster on 24 June 1463 but Walter Blount succeeded him in November 1464.

==================

Earldom

He was created Earl of Kent on 30 May 1465, shortly after the marriage of his eldest son, Anthony, to the king's sister-in-law, Joan Woodville[1](she is sometimes known as Eleanor Woodville)[2] He was then appointed chief justice of the county of Meryonnyth, North Wales[3] and constable of Harlech.[1]

================

Posterity

His children by Katherine Percy included:

...Anthony Grey (died in his father's lifetime) married Eleanor sister of Elizabeth Woodville, there were no children.

...George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent, married Anne Woodville then Katherine Herbert.

...Elizabeth Grey married Sir Robert de Greystock
Anne Grey married John Grey, 8th Baron Grey of Wilton

=============

Notes

1. Rosemary Horrox, ‘Grey, Edmund, first earl of Kent (1416–1490)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press,

2. Charles Ross, Edward IV, Yale University Press (1997), page 93

3. Calendar of the Patent Rolls: Edward IV A.D. 1461-1467; p. 286, 467, (London, 1897).

References

"Grey, Edmund". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.


Political offices

Preceded by The Earl of Worcester Lord High Treasurer 1463–1464

Succeeded by The Lord Mountjoy

Peerage of England

New creation Earl of Kent 1465–1490

Succeeded by George Grey

Preceded by Reginald Grey Baron Grey de Ruthyn
1440–1490

===================


Family links:
Parents:
John Of Ruthin De Grey (1387 - 1439)
Constance Holland de Mowbray Grey (1387 - 1437)

Sibling:
Alice Grey Knyvett (1415 - 1474)**
Edmund Grey (1416 - 1490)

*Calculated relationship
**Half-sibling

Burial:
Grey Friars London
London
City of London
Greater London, England

Created by: Carole Elizabeth Nurmi ...
Record added: Oct 21, 2013
Find A Grave Memorial# 119075838

end of biography

Occupation:
appointment as treasurer of England was enacted at Westminster on 24 June 1463 but Walter Blount succeeded him in November 1464.

Family/Spouse: Katherine Percy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir Hugh Fenne. Hugh was born in ~ 1415 in (Braintree, Essex, England); died in 0___ 1476 in Wayland, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Progeny of 1st marriage

By the Duke of Exeter Anne had one daughter, Anne Holland (c. 1455 – between 26 August 1467 and 6 June 1474), who [1] was married in October 1466[1] at Greenwich Palace to Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset, son of Edward IV's queen Elizabeth Woodville by her first husband. Lady Dorset died sometime between 26 August 1467 and 6 June 1474 without progeny. Grey subsequently married Cecily Bonville, 7th Baroness Harington, another rich young heiress, by whom he had issue.[2]

Henry married Anne of York in 0___ 1447. Anne (daughter of Sir Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York and Lady Cecily Neville, Duchess of York) was born on 10 Aug 1439; died on 14 Jan 1476; was buried on 1 Feb 1476 in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Windsor, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Sir John Neville, Baron Neville before 5 Sep 1442 in Castle Raby, Raby-Keverstone, Durham, England. John (son of Sir John Neville, II, Knight and Elizabeth Holland) was born in 1410-1420 in Castle Raby, Raby-Keverstone, Durham, England; died on 29 Mar 1461 in Battle of Towton, Saxton, West Riding, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The miracle of Henry VI: how the weak medieval king became a ‘saint’

In life, Henry VI lurched from one disaster to the next. Yet in death, his countrymen venerated the Plantagenet king – whose inability to provide good government resulted in the Wars of the Roses – as a saint-like figure. Here, Desmond Seward explains this miraculous turn of events...

Portrait of King Henry VI by an unknown artist. (Photo by Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty Images)
February 18, 2019 at 9:00 am
Everybody knows that Geoffrey Chaucer’s pilgrims – as related in his world-famous tales – were on their way to St Thomas Becket’s shrine at Canterbury. Fewer realise that a hundred years later far more pilgrims went to Windsor than Canterbury, to the shrine of Henry VI, whom they credited with working miracles.

When, during the early 1480s, Thomas Fuller of Hammersmith was hanged on a false charge of stealing cattle, he prayed to the king, whom he said kept him alive for a whole hour by thrusting a hand between the rope and his windpipe until he was cut down. There were many stories like this about late medieval England’s most popular saint (an informal title – he was never officially canonised).

Yet Henry failed spectacularly as a ruler, losing two kingdoms. Son of the victor of Agincourt http://www.historyextra.com/article/medieval/agincourt-what-really-happened, not only did he lose Lancastrian France but his inability to provide good government resulted in the Wars of the Roses http://www.historyextra.com/article/military-history/12-facts-wars-roses and eventually in his own murder.

Read more:

5 things you (probably) didn’t know about the Plantagenets https://www.historyextra.com/period/plantagenet/5-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-the-plantagenets/
An A to Z of the Plantagenets https://www.historyextra.com/period/plantagenet/an-a-to-z-of-the-plantagenets/


A scene from the Chronique de St Denis depicting the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Louis VII of France, 1137. (Photo by Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Getty Images)
His father, Henry V, had conquered north-western France, marrying the daughter of the French king Charles VI, who recognised him as his heir. When both the English and French monarchs died in 1422, Henry became king of England and France as Henry VI. He wasn’t even a year old.

Thanks to his exploits in France, Henry V was always going to be a tough act to follow – and, from an early age, it was obvious that his son wasn’t up to the job. One of his earliest, and most damaging, errors was to hand over Maine, the gateway to Lancastrian Normandy, to the French.

As Henry had impoverished the crown by giving away royal manors, there was no money to maintain proper garrisons. When the French attacked Normandy in 1449, English resistance collapsed.

In July 1450 John Paston heard how “Shirburgh [Cherbourg] is gone and we have not now a foot of land in Normandy”. Settlers streamed back over the Channel, to parade through Cheapside with their bedding, and to beg in the City’s streets.

All England felt humiliated. The Duke of Suffolk, Henry’s first minister, was lynched, his head hacked off over the gunnel of a boat as he attempted to sail to Calais. Jack Cade’s rebels stormed into London, hoping to kill the king’s other ministers, because of whom, said Cade, “his lands are lost, his merchandise is lost, his commons destroyed, the sea is lost, himself so poor that he may not pay for his food and drink”. (Curiously, no one blamed Henry.) English pride was momentarily soothed when Lord Talbot reoccupied Gascony in 1452, to be further bruised by his total defeat and death at Castillon the following year.

The king had replaced Suffolk with his (Henry’s) cousin, the Duke of Somerset, the man largely responsible for losing Normandy. Outraged, the Duke of York (heir to the throne) led the opposition, with little effect until 1453 when Henry’s mind gave way at the news of the Castillon debacle. The king fell into a coma that lasted for 18 months and York briefly became lord protector (regent).

Slaying Somerset
On recovering, Henry was astonished to find his wife had given birth to a son, Edward, during his illness. He then reinstated Somerset as his first minister – a move that merely led to Somerset’s death at the hands of York’s men at the battle of St Albans in 1455.

The king seems never to have fully recovered from his breakdown. His tigerish French queen, Margaret of Anjou, who was determined to save the throne for their son, took Somerset’s place as the court faction’s leader and tried to destroy York and his allies. She failed. York laid claim to the throne and England descended into the struggle between the houses of York and Lancaster that later became known as the Wars of the Roses.

On 29 March 1461 York’s son Edward IV annihilated the royal army at Towton near Tadcaster in the bloodiest battle ever fought on English soil. Henry fled to Scotland, before returning to Northumberland where his supporters occupied a few castles along the coast. However, the last Lancastrian army was destroyed at Hexham in 1464.

Read more:

Elizabeth Woodville: Edward IV’s controversial queen https://www.historyextra.com/period/plantagenet/elizabeth-woodville-edward-ivs-controversial-queen/
The secret intimacies of Edward IV: multiple marriages and a same-sex affair? https://www.historyextra.com/period/medieval/the-secret-intimacies-of-edward-iv-multiple-marriages-and-a-same-sex-affair/

For over a year, the ex-king hid in remote houses in Lancashire and Westmorland, but was finally captured in June 1465 while fording the Ribble at Bungerly Hippingstones with only three companions. On his way to imprisonment at the Tower, he was derisively paraded through London, wearing an old straw hat with his feet tied beneath his horse’s belly.

Then the Earl of Warwick – the ‘king maker’ – fell out with Edward IV, who fled into exile, and in October 1470 Henry was recrowned. His second reign, known as the ‘Readeption’, lasted for less than a year. Edward returned next spring, wiping out the Lancastrians at Barnet and Tewkesbury, killing both Henry’s son, Edward, and Warwick, and capturing Queen Margaret.

On the day Edward IV returned to London from his victory at Tewkesbury, according to the Cambridge don Dr Warkworth: “King Harry being inward in prison in the Tower of London was put to death, the 21st May, on a Tuesday night between 11 and 12 of the clock, then being at the Tower the Duke of Gloucester, brother to King Edward, and many other.” (When Henry’s skeleton was examined in 1910, his hair was found to be matted with blood, suggesting a blow to the head.) After being put on show in an open coffin at St Paul’s, the body was buried in Chertsey Abbey.

Politically, Henry VI’s reign had been an unmitigated disaster. Besides lacking the qualities essential for a medieval monarch, he was – as a 17th-century historian put it – “over subjected and over-wived”. Not only had he inherited an unwinnable war in France but most of his time on the throne coincided with the ‘Great Slump’ (caused by a shortage of bullion), during which trade declined and standards of living fell. Though he tried to ensure that justice was administered fairly – he travelled all over England to hear appeals in provincial law courts – law and order had broken down even before the conflict between York and Lancaster.

Despite all of these failings, something remarkable was soon unfolding: rich and poor across England were beginning to regard the dead king as a saint. By 1473 prayers were being said and lights lit before his statue on a stone screen at York Minster by an ever-increasing number of pilgrims. In 1479 King Edward had the statue removed and tried to stop pilgrims from flocking to Chertsey. In 1484, however, Richard III – possibly motivated by guilt – had Henry’s remains reburied in St George’s Chapel at Windsor. It was to become a national shrine.

Read more:

6 myths about Richard III https://www.historyextra.com/period/medieval/myths-facts-richard-iii-murder-princes-tower-shakespeare-york-leicester-car-park/
Did fear drive Richard III to the throne? https://www.historyextra.com/period/medieval/myths-facts-richard-iii-murder-princes-tower-shakespeare-york-leicester-car-park/ (exclusive to The Library)
Portrait of Richard III of England (1452–1485) king of England until his death in the Battle of Bosworth Field. Dated 15th Century (Photo by: Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty Images)
So how did this come about? There is no evidence that Henry’s subjects saw him as a saint in his lifetime. They were, however, impressed by his generosity, and by his compassion – as when he ordered a traitor’s impaled quarter to be taken down, commenting: “I will not have any Christian man so cruelly handled for my sake.”

Undoubtedly, he inspired affection and loyalty in those around him. Above all, he had the gift of forgiving and forgetting. On Good Friday 1452, after an abortive rebellion by the Duke of York, he issued 144 pardons, while time and again he tried to reconcile Yorkists and Lancastrians.

But what made people decide that Henry was a holy man was his murder. There was widespread pity for a king who, after his deposition, was treated as a thief, then put to death without having committed any crime.

About 1484, John Blacman, a Carthusian monk who had been a fellow of Eton and a chaplain to Henry, wrote an admiring memoir of his old master, to show how even a great man could be a saint.

Blacman emphasised Henry’s piety and simplicity – shabby clothes with a hair shirt beneath them – and a sexual puritanism that seems odd to modern minds. He claimed that the king had had visions of Christ, the Virgin and of the saints. Interestingly – as a Carthusian accustomed to identifying qualities that suited men for a hermit life, one of which was sanity – Blacman did not see him as having a mental disability.

We know that Henry practised the Devotio Moderna – a movement for religious reform that advocated humility and obedience. He meditated on the sufferings of Christ, probably to the point of hallucination, and enjoyed staying in monasteries.

As a young man, Henry’s best friend was the short-lived Duke of Warwick, who read the entire 150 Psalms every day. (Monks took a week to recite them.) Henry took special care in appointing bishops. His colleges at Eton and King’s College, Cambridge were essentially religious foundations.

Pure, honest, holy
After 1485, Henry VII petitioned three popes in succession to canonise his uncle. Excusing his inadequacy as a statesman, Polydore Vergil (Henry’s tame historian) wrote how he had been “a man of mild and plain-speaking disposition, who preferred peace before wars, quietness before troubles, honesty before utility… there was not in this world a more pure, honest, and more holy creature”.

A book was compiled of 174 miracles performed by him between 1471 and 1495. A servant of Lord Stourton, unjustly accused of a capital offence in 1484, was saved – as Thomas Fuller had been – by a ghostly royal hand thrust between his neck and the gallows’ rope. Wearing the king’s red velvet bonnet, which was kept at Windsor, cured ‘headaches’ (brain tumours?). Henry was credited with bringing back to life victims of the plague or seemingly dead children.

Henry was commemorated in churches and cathedrals, in stained-glass windows or on rood screens, with votive lights burning before his image, while the dagger that killed him was displayed for veneration at Caversham Priory in Oxfordshire. Hymns, litanies and prayers were composed in his honour, more pilgrim badges being produced for Windsor than Canterbury. (Some 500 of these have been excavated in London alone.)

As the Victorian historian William Stubbs put it, Henry “left a mark on the hearts of Englishmen that was not soon effaced… the king who had perished for the sins of his fathers and of the nation”.

His cult became so popular that the abbots of Westminster and Chertsey both tried to secure possession of his body. Henry VII planned the great chapel that he built at Westminster as a shrine for his saintly kinsman, who would be reburied there when canonised. However, diplomatic problems with Rome blocked the canonisation.

Until the day he died, Henry VIII venerated his great-uncle. In 1528, he asked that he should be canonised. Even after breaking with the papacy and ending pilgrimages to Windsor, he left instructions in his will for the tomb in St George’s Chapel to be made more imposing and for the banner of ‘King Henry the Saint’ to be carried at his funeral.

Recusant Catholics continued to venerate him, Alexander Pope referring to the ‘Martyr-King’ in his poem Windsor Forest. During the 1920s there were attempts to secure his canonisation and he became one of the author Evelyn Waugh’s favourite saints. The 1970s witnessed another, unsuccessful, campaign to have him canonised.

Henry VI may have impressed all-too few of his countrymen during his life, but there’s little doubt that he more than made up for it in the centuries following his death.

The life and afterlife of Henry VI

1422: Henry V’s son becomes king of England and France as Henry VI. The new king is less than a year old.

1431: In May, the English burn at the stake Joan of Arc, who had taken up arms against their occupation of France. Later that year, Henry is crowned king of France in Paris.

1445: Henry marries Margaret of Anjou who, according to Shakespeare, possessed a “tiger’s heart, wrapped in a woman’s hide”.

1450: The English are defeated at Formigny. All Lancastrian Normandy falls to the French. Jack Cade’s rebels occupy London

1453: Final loss of Gascony. Henry goes temporarily insane and the Duke of York becomes protector. Birth of the king’s son, Edward of Westminster

1455: First battle of St Albans, during which the Duke of York kills his Lancastrian enemies, making the Wars of the Roses inevitable

1461: Edward IV’s Yorkist army annihilates the Lancastrians at Towton and Henry VI ceases to be king of England, taking refuge in Scotland

1465: Capture of the ex-King Henry VI, who for five years is imprisoned in the Tower, where he survives an attempt to murder him

1470: The Earl of Warwick restores Henry VI in the ‘readeption’

1471: Edward IV returns and defeats Henry’s Lancastrian forces at Tewkesbury. Henry VI is murdered

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1484: Richard III has Henry reburied in St George’s Chapel, Windsor, where his grave attracts pilgrims from all over England in search of healing

Desmond Seward is a historian and author who specialises in the 15th century. In the autumn the Folio Society are republishing his Richard III: England’s Black Legend.

This article was first published in the April 2014 issue of BBC History Magazine http://www.historyextra.com/magazine-issue/april-2014/

end of this biography

Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne at the age of nine months upon his father's death, and succeeded to the French throne on the death of his grandfather Charles VI shortly afterwards. Henry inherited the long-running Hundred Years War (1337-1453) where Charles VII contested his claim to the French throne. Henry married Charles's niece, Margaret of Anjou, partially in the hope of achieving peace in 1445, but the policy failed, leading to the murder of William de la Pole, one of Henry's key advisors. The war recommenced, with France taking the upper hand; by 1453, Calais was Henry's only remaining territory on the continent.

Henry experienced a mental breakdown after the failure of the war, with Richard of York taking control of the government as regent until his recovery the following year. Civil war broke out in 1460, leading to a long period of dynastic conflict known as the Wars of the Roses. Henry was taken prisoner by Richard of York at Northampton on 10 July 1460 but was rescued that December by forces loyal to Margaret. He was deposed on 29 March 1461 following the victory at Towton by Richard's son, who took the throne as Edward IV. Henry suffered another breakdown and, despite Margaret continuing to lead a resistance to Edward, he was captured by his forces in 1465 and imprisoned in the Tower of London. Richard Neville, the Earl of Warwick, restored Henry to the throne in 1470, but Edward defeated Neville and retook power in 1471, imprisoning Henry in the Tower once again.

Henry died in the Tower during the night of 21 May 1471, possibly killed on the orders of Edward. He was buried at Chertsey Abbey, before being moved to Windsor Castle in 1484. Miracles were attributed to Henry after his death, and he was informally regarded as a saint and martyr until the 16th century. He left a legacy of educational institutions, having founded Eton College, King's College (Cambridge) and All Souls College, Oxford. William Shakespeare wrote a trilogy of plays about his life, depicting him as weak-willed and easily influenced by his wife, Margaret.

Child king

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Main article: Dual monarchy of England and France

Henry VI, aged nine months, is shown being placed in the care of the Earl of Warwick
Henry was the only child and heir of King Henry V. He was born on 6 December 1421 at Windsor Castle. He succeeded to the throne as King of England at the age of nine months upon his father's death on 31 August 1422; he was the youngest person ever to succeed to the English throne. A few weeks later on 21 October 1422 in accordance with the Treaty of Troyes of 1420, he became titular King of France upon his grandfather Charles VI's death. His mother, Catherine of Valois, was then 20 years old. As Charles VI's daughter, she was viewed with considerable suspicion by English nobles and was prevented from playing a full role in her son's upbringing.

On 28 September 1423, the nobles swore loyalty to Henry VI. They summoned Parliament in the King's name and established a regency council to govern until the King should come of age. One of Henry V's surviving brothers, John, Duke of Bedford, was appointed senior regent of the realm and was in charge of the ongoing war in France. During Bedford's absence, the government of England was headed by Henry V's other surviving brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, who was appointed Lord Protector and Defender of the Realm. His duties were limited to keeping the peace and summoning Parliament. Henry V's half-uncle Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester (after 1426 also Cardinal), had an important place on the Council. After the Duke of Bedford died in 1435, the Duke of Gloucester claimed the Regency himself, but was contested in this by the other members of the Council.

From 1428, Henry's tutor was Richard de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, whose father had been instrumental in the opposition to Richard II's reign.

Henry's half-brothers, Edmund and Jasper, the sons of his widowed mother and Owen Tudor, were later given earldoms. Edmund Tudor was the father of Henry Tudor, who later became Henry VII.

In reaction to Charles VII Valois' coronation as French King in Reims Cathedral on 17 July 1429,[1] Henry was soon crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey on 6 November 1429,[2] followed by his own coronation as King of France at Notre Dame de Paris on 26 December 1431.[3][4][5] It was not until 13 November 1437, shortly before his 16th birthday, that he obtained some measure of independent authority,[6] but his growing willingness to involve himself in administration became apparent in 1434 when the place named on writs temporarily changed from Westminster (where the Privy Council was) to Cirencester (where the king was).[7] He finally assumed full royal powers when he came of age.[8]

Assumption of government and French policies

Mid-15th century depiction of Henry being crowned King of France
Henry was declared of age in 1437, at the age of sixteen in the year in which his mother died, and he assumed the reins of government. Henry, shy and pious, averse to deceit and bloodshed, immediately allowed his court to be dominated by a few noble favourites who clashed on the matter of the French war.

After the death of King Henry V, England had lost momentum in the Hundred Years' War, while, beginning with Joan of Arc's military victories, the Valois gained ground. The young king came to favour a policy of peace in France, and thus favoured the faction around Cardinal Beaufort and William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, who thought likewise, while Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, and Richard, Duke of York, who argued for a continuation of the war, were ignored.

Marriage to Margaret of Anjou

Margaret of Anjou, depicted in the Talbot Shrewsbury Book, 1444-45
Cardinal Beaufort and the Earl of Suffolk persuaded the king that the best way of pursuing peace with France was through a marriage with Margaret of Anjou, the niece of King Charles VII. Henry agreed, especially when he heard reports of Margaret's stunning beauty, and sent Suffolk to negotiate with Charles, who agreed to the marriage on condition that he would not have to provide the customary dowry and instead would receive the lands of Maine and Anjou from the English. These conditions were agreed to in the Treaty of Tours, but the cession of Maine and Anjou was kept secret from parliament, as it was known that this would be hugely unpopular with the English populace. The marriage took place at Titchfield Abbey on 23 April 1445, one month after Margaret's 15th birthday. She had arrived with an established household, composed primarily, not of Angevins, but of members of Henry's royal servants; this increase in the size of the royal household, and a concomitant increase on the birth of their son, Edward of Westminster, in 1453 led to proportionately greater expense but also to greater patronage opportunities at Court.[9]

Henry had wavered in yielding Maine and Anjou to Charles, knowing that the move was unpopular and would be opposed by the Dukes of Gloucester and York. However, Margaret was determined to make him see it through. As the treaty became public knowledge in 1446, public anger focused on the Earl of Suffolk, but Henry and Margaret were determined to protect him.

Ascendancy of Suffolk and Somerset

Salut d'or, depicting Henry as King of England and France, struck in Rouen
In 1447, the King and Queen summoned the Duke of Gloucester before parliament on the charge of treason. Queen Margaret had no tolerance for any sign of disloyalty towards her husband and kingdom, thus any inclination of it was immediately brought to her attention. This move was instigated by Gloucester's enemies, the Earl of Suffolk, whom Margaret held in great esteem, and the aging Cardinal Beaufort and his nephew, Edmund Beaufort, Earl of Somerset. Gloucester was put in custody in Bury St Edmunds, where he died, probably of a heart attack (although contemporary rumours spoke of poisoning) before he could be tried.

The Duke of York, now Henry's heir presumptive, was excluded from the court circle and sent to govern Ireland, while his opponents, the Earls of Suffolk and Somerset were promoted to Dukes, a title at that time still normally reserved for immediate relatives of the monarch.[10] The new Duke of Somerset was sent to France to lead the war.

In the later years of Henry's reign, the monarchy became increasingly unpopular, due to a breakdown in law and order, corruption, the distribution of royal land to the king's court favourites, the troubled state of the crown's finances, and the steady loss of territories in France. In 1447, this unpopularity took the form of a Commons campaign against the Duke of Suffolk, who was the most unpopular of all the King's entourage and widely seen as a traitor. He was impeached by Parliament to a background that has been called "the baying for Suffolk’s blood [by] a London mob",[11] to the extent that Suffolk admitted his alarm to the king.[12] Ultimately, Henry was forced to send him into exile, but Suffolk's ship was intercepted in the English Channel. His murdered body was found on the beach at Dover.[13]

In 1449, the Duke of Somerset, leading the campaign in France, reopened hostilities in Normandy, but by the autumn had been pushed back to Caen. By 1450, the French had retaken the whole province, so hard won by Henry V. Returning troops, who had often not been paid, added to the lawlessness in the southern counties of England. Jack Cade led a rebellion in Kent in 1450, calling himself "John Mortimer", apparently in sympathy with York, and setting up residence at the White Hart Inn in Southwark (the white hart had been the symbol of the deposed Richard II).[14] Henry came to London with an army to crush the rebellion, but on finding that Cade had fled kept most of his troops behind while a small force followed the rebels and met them at Sevenoaks. The flight proved to have been tactical: Cade successfully ambushed the force in the Battle of Solefields and returned to occupy London. In the end, the rebellion achieved nothing, and London was retaken after a few days of disorder; but this was principally because of the efforts of its own residents rather than the army. At any rate the rebellion showed that feelings of discontent were running high.[15]

In 1451, the Duchy of Guyenne, held since Henry II's time, was also lost. In October 1452, an English advance in Guyenne retook Bordeaux and was having some success but by 1453, Bordeaux was lost again, leaving Calais as England's only remaining territory on the continent.

Insanity, and the ascendancy of York

Depiction of Henry enthroned, from the Talbot Shrewsbury Book, 1444-45
In 1452, the Duke of York was persuaded to return from Ireland, claim his rightful place on the council and put an end to bad government. His cause was a popular one and he soon raised an army at Shrewsbury. The court party, meanwhile, raised their own similar-sized force in London. A stand-off took place south of London, with York presenting a list of grievances and demands to the court circle, including the arrest of Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. The king initially agreed, but Margaret intervened to prevent the arrest of Beaufort. By 1453, his influence had been restored, and York was again isolated. The court party was also strengthened by the announcement that the Queen was pregnant.

However, on hearing of the final loss of Bordeaux in August 1453, Henry experienced a mental breakdown and became completely unresponsive to everything that was going on around him for more than a year. (Henry may have been suffering from a form of schizophrenia, according to modern experts, as he reportedly demonstrated other symptoms of schizophrenia, especially hallucinations.)[16] He even failed to respond to the birth of a son and heir, who was christened Edward. Henry may have inherited a congenital psychiatric condition from Charles VI of France, his maternal grandfather, who was affected by intermittent periods of insanity during the last thirty years of his life.[17]

The Duke of York, meanwhile, had gained a very important ally, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, one of the most influential magnates and possibly richer than York himself. York was named regent as Protector of the Realm in 1454. The queen was excluded completely, and Edmund Beaufort was detained in the Tower of London, while many of York's supporters spread rumours that Edward was not the king's son, but Beaufort's.[18] Other than that, York's months as regent were spent tackling the problem of government overspending.[19]

Wars of the Roses

Main article: Wars of the Roses

Silver groat of Henry VI, York Museums Trust
On Christmas Day 1454, King Henry regained his senses. Disaffected nobles who had grown in power during Henry's reign, most importantly the Earls of Warwick and Salisbury, took matters into their own hands. They backed the claims of the rival House of York, first to the Regency, and then to the throne itself, due to York's better descent from Edward III. It was agreed York would become Henry's successor, despite York being older.[19]

There followed a violent struggle between the houses of Lancaster and York. Henry was defeated and captured at the Battle of Northampton on 10 July 1460. The Duke of York was killed by Margaret's forces at the Battle of Wakefield on 31 December 1460, and Henry was rescued from imprisonment following the Second Battle of St Albans on 17 February 1461. By this point, however, Henry was suffering such a bout of madness that he was apparently laughing and singing while the battle raged. He was defeated at the Battle of Towton on 29 March 1461 by the son of the Duke of York, Edward of York, who then became King Edward IV. Edward failed to capture Henry and his queen, who fled to Scotland. During the first period of Edward IV's reign, Lancastrian resistance continued mainly under the leadership of Queen Margaret and the few nobles still loyal to her in the northern counties of England and Wales. Henry, who had been safely hidden by Lancastrian allies in Scotland, Northumberland and Yorkshire, was captured by King Edward in 1465 and subsequently held captive in the Tower of London.

While imprisoned, the Henry did some writing including the following poem:

"Kingdoms are but cares
State is devoid of stay,
Riches are ready snares,
And hasten to decay
Pleasure is a privy prick
Which vice doth still provoke;
Pomps, imprompt; and fame, a flame;
Power, a smoldering smoke.
Who meanth to remove the rock
Owst of the slimy mud
Shall mire himself, and hardly scape
The swelling of the flood".[20]

Return to the throne

Main article: Readeption of Henry VI

Gold "Angel" coin of Henry's later reign, struck in either London or York, showing Archangel Michael slaying the Dragon (left) and Henry's shield being carried aboard a ship (right)
Queen Margaret, exiled in Scotland and later in France, was determined to win back the throne on behalf of her husband and son. By herself, there was little she could do. However, eventually Edward IV had a falling-out with two of his main supporters: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, and his own younger brother George, Duke of Clarence. At the urging of King Louis XI of France they formed a secret alliance with Margaret. After marrying his daughter to Henry and Margaret's son, Edward of Westminster, Warwick returned to England, forced Edward IV into exile, and restored Henry VI to the throne on 30 October 1470; the term "readeption" is still sometimes used for this event. However, by this time, years in hiding followed by years in captivity had taken their toll on Henry. Warwick and Clarence effectively ruled in his name.[21]

Henry's return to the throne lasted less than six months. Warwick soon overreached himself by declaring war on Burgundy, whose ruler responded by giving Edward IV the assistance he needed to win back his throne by force. Edward IV returned to England in early 1471, after which he was reconciled with Clarence and killed Warwick at the Battle of Barnet. The Yorkists won a final decisive victory at the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471, where Henry's son Edward was killed.[22]

Imprisonment and death[edit]

Wakefield Tower, the site in the Tower of London where Henry VI died
Henry was imprisoned in the Tower of London again and when the royal party arrived into London, Henry VI was reported dead. Official chronicles and documents state that the deposed king died on the night of 21 May 1471. In all likelihood, Henry's opponents had kept him alive up to this point rather than leave the Lancasters with a far more formidable leader in Henry's son Edward. However, once the last of the most prominent Lancastrian supporters were either killed or exiled, it became clear that Henry VI would be a burden to Edward IV's reign. The common fear was the possibility of another noble utilizing the mentally unstable king to further their own agenda.

According to the Historie of the arrivall of Edward IV, an official chronicle favorable to Edward IV, Henry died of melancholy on hearing news of the Battle of Tewkesbury and his son's death.[23] It is widely suspected, however, that Edward IV, who was re-crowned the morning following Henry's death, had in fact ordered his murder.[24]

Sir Thomas More's History of Richard III explicitly states that Richard killed Henry, an opinion he might have derived from Commynes' Memoir.[25] Another contemporary source, Wakefield's Chronicle, gives the date of Henry's death as 23 May, on which date Richard is known to have been away from London.

King Henry VI was originally buried in Chertsey Abbey; then, in 1484, his body was moved to St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, by Richard III. When the body of the king was found several centuries later, diggers found it to be five foot and nine inches. Light hair had been found to be covered in blood, with damage to the skull, showing that the king had indeed died due to violence.[26]

Legacy[edit]
Architecture and education

King's College Chapel, Cambridge
Henry's one lasting achievement was his fostering of education: he founded Eton College, King's College, Cambridge and All Souls College, Oxford. He continued a career of architectural patronage started by his father: King's College Chapel and Eton College Chapel and most of his other architectural commissions (such as his completion of his father's foundation of Syon Abbey) consisted of a late Gothic or Perpendicular-style church with a monastic and/or educational foundation attached. Each year on the anniversary of Henry VI's death, the Provosts of Eton and King's lay white lilies and roses, the respective floral emblems of those colleges, on the spot in the Wakefield Tower at the Tower of London where the imprisoned Henry VI was, according to tradition, murdered as he knelt at prayer. There is a similar ceremony at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.[27]

Posthumous cult

Miracles were attributed to the king, and he was informally regarded as a saint and martyr, addressed particularly in cases of adversity. The anti-Yorkist cult was encouraged by Henry Tudor, as dynastic propaganda. A volume was compiled of the miracles attributed to him at St George's Chapel, Windsor, where Richard III had reinterred him, and Henry VII began building a chapel at Westminster Abbey to house Henry VI's relics.[28] A number of Henry VI's miracles possessed a political dimension, such as his cure of a young girl afflicted with the King's evil, whose parents refused to bring her to the usurper, Richard III.[29] By the time of Henry VIII's break with Rome, canonisation proceedings were under way.[30] Hymns to him still exist, and until the Reformation his hat was kept by his tomb at Windsor, where pilgrims would put it on to enlist Henry's aid against migraines.[31]

Numerous miracles were credited to the dead king, including his raising the plague victim Alice Newnett from the dead and appearing to her as she was being stitched in her shroud.[32] He also intervened in the attempted hanging of a man who had been unjustly condemned to death, accused of stealing some sheep. Henry placed his hand between the rope and the man's windpipe, thus keeping him alive, after which he revived in the cart as it was taking him away for burial.[33] He was also capable of inflicting harm, such as when he struck John Robyns blind after Robyns cursed "Saint Henry". Robyns was healed only after he went on a pilgrimage to the shrine of King Henry.[34] A particular devotional act that was closely associated with the cult of Henry VI was the bending of a silver coin as an offering to the "saint" in order that he might perform a miracle. One story had a woman, Katherine Bailey, who was blind in one eye. As she was kneeling at mass, a stranger told her to bend a coin to King Henry. She promised to do so, and as the priest was raising the communion host, her partial blindness was cured.[35]

Although his shrine was enormously popular as a pilgrimage destination during the early decades of the 16th century,[36] over time, with the lessened need to legitimise Tudor rule, the cult of Henry VI faded.[37]

Shakespeare's Henry VI and after

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First page of The first Part of Henry the Sixt from the First Folio (1623)
In 1590 William Shakespeare wrote a trilogy of plays about the life of Henry VI: Henry VI, Part 1, Henry VI, Part 2, and Henry VI, Part 3. His dead body and his ghost also appear in Richard III.

Shakespeare's portrayal of Henry is notable in that it does not mention the King's madness. This is considered to have been a politically-advisable move so as to not risk offending Elizabeth I whose family was descended from Henry's Lancastrian family. Instead Henry is portrayed as a pious and peaceful man ill-suited to the crown. He spends most of his time in contemplation of the Bible and expressing his wish to be anyone other than a king. Shakespeare's Henry is weak-willed and easily influenced allowing his policies to be led by Margaret and her allies, and being unable to defend himself against York's claim to the throne. He only takes an act of his own volition just before his death when he curses Richard of Gloucester just before he is murdered.

In screen adaptations of these plays he has been portrayed by: James Berry in the 1911 silent short Richard III; Terry Scully in the 1960 BBC series An Age of Kings which contained all the history plays from Richard II to Richard III; Carl Wery in the 1964 West German TV version Kèonig Richard III; David Warner in Wars of the Roses, a 1965 filmed version of the Royal Shakespeare Company performing the three parts of Henry VI (condensed and edited into two plays, Henry VI and Edward IV) and Richard III; Peter Benson in the 1983 BBC version of all three parts of Henry VI and Richard III; Paul Brennen in the 1989 film version of the full cycle of consecutive history plays performed, for several years, by the English Shakespeare Company; Edward Jewesbury in the 1995 film version of Richard III with Ian McKellen as Richard; James Dalesandro as Henry in the 2008 modern-day film version of Richard III; and Tom Sturridge as Henry to Benedict Cumberbatch's Richard III in the 2016 second BBC series The Hollow Crown, an adaptation of Henry VI (condensed into two parts) and Richard III.

Miles Mander portrayed him in Tower of London, a 1939 horror film loosely dramatising the rise to power of Richard III.

end opf this biography

Henry married Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England on 23 Apr 1445 in Titchfield Abbey, Hampshire, England. Margaret was born on 23 Mar 1430 in Pont-a-Mousson, Lorraine, France; died on 25 Aug 1482 in Anjou, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Henry Grey. Henry (son of Sir John Grey, Knight and Joan Cherleton) was born in 1419; died on 13 Jan 1450. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Joan Calverley in ~1445 in North Elmsall, Yorkshire, England. Joan (daughter of Sir Walter Calverley, III and Elizabeth Markenfield) was born in ~1425 in Calverley, Yorkshire, England; died in 1516 in Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Buried:
Body lost at sea...

Family/Spouse: Eleanor Tyrrell. Eleanor was born in 0___ 1461 in Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, England; died in 0Apr 1514 in Greater London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Robert de Greystoke. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Sir George Neville, Knight, 2nd & 4th Baron Bergavenny(Norfolkshire) England. George (son of Sir Edward Neville, 3rd Baron of Abergavenny and Lady Elizabeth Beauchamp, Countess of Worcester) was born in 1435-1440 in Raby Castle, Staindrop, Durham, England; died on 20 Sep 1492 in (Norfolkshire) England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

View Ralph's ahnentafetl ... http://www.ourfamilyhistories.org/ahnentafel.php?personID=I92721&tree=00&parentset=0&generations=9

Family

Ralph Neville, born about 1456, was the only child of John Neville, Baron Neville, younger brother of Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland, and Anne Holland, daughter of John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter.[1]

Career

Neville's father was slain fighting for the Lancastrians at the Battle of Towton on 29 March 1461, and attainted on 4 November of that year. On 6 October 1472 Ralph Neville obtained the reversal of his father's attainder and the restoration of the greater part of his estates, and thereby became Lord Neville (1459 creation).[2]

On 18 April 1475 Neville was created a Knight of the Bath together with the sons of King Edward IV.[3] He was a justice of the peace in Durham.[citation needed] For his 'good services against the rebels', on 23 March 1484 King Richard III granted Neville manors in Somerset and Berkshire and the reversion of lands which had formerly belonged to Margaret, Countess of Richmond.[4] In September 1484 he was a commissioner to keep the truce with Scotland.[5] On 3 November 1484 his uncle, Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland, died, and Neville succeeded as 3rd Earl of Westmorland and Lord Neville (1295 creation).[6]

After the Yorkist defeat at Bosworth, Westmorland entered into bonds to the new King, Henry VII, of ¹400 and 400 marks, and on 5 December 1485 gave the King the custody and marriage of his eldest son and heir, Ralph Neville (d.1498).[7]

Westmorland held a command in the army sent into Scotland in 1497[8] after James IV supported the pretensions to the crown of Perkin Warbeck.[9]

Death

Westmorland's eldest son died in 1498. Westmorland died at Hornby Castle, Yorkshire, the seat of his son-in-law, Sir William Conyers, on 6 February 1499, allegedly of grief for his son's death, and was buried in the parish church there.[10] His grandson, Ralph Neville, succeeded to the earldom as 4th Earl of Westmorland.

Marriage and issue

Before 20 February 1473 Neville married Isabel, the daughter of Roger Booth, esquire, and niece of Lawrence Booth, Archbishop of York, by whom he had a son and a daughter:[11]

Ralph Neville, Lord Neville (d. 1498). As noted above, on 5 December 1485 his father had granted his marriage to the King. Accordingly, Ralph Neville married firstly, in the presence of King Henry VII and his Queen, Elizabeth of York, Mary Paston (born 19 January 1470), the eldest daughter of William Paston by Anne Beaufort, daughter of Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. She died of measles at court about Christmas 1489. There were no issue of the marriage. Ralph Neville married secondly, again in the royal presence, Edith Sandys (d. 22 August 1529), sister of William Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys, by whom he had two sons, Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland, and a son who died young, as well as a daughter, Isabel, who married firstly, Sir Robert Plumpton, and secondly, Lawrence Kighley, esquire. After Neville's death in 1498, his widow, Edith, married Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Darcy, who was beheaded on Tower Hill 30 June 1537.[12]
Anne Neville, who married firstly William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers, and secondly, Anthony Saltmarsh.[13]

Footnotes[edit]

Jump up ^ Richardson III 2011, pp. 251–2.
Jump up ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 551; Richardson III 2011, pp. 251–2.
Jump up ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 551.
Jump up ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 551; Richardson III 2011, p. 253.
Jump up ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 551.
Jump up ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 551.
Jump up ^ Cokayne 1959, pp. 551–2.
Jump up ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 551.
Jump up ^ Doyle 1886, p. 632.
Jump up ^ Cokayne 1959, pp. 551–2; Richardson III 2011, p. 253.
Jump up ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 551; Richardson III 2011, pp. 251–2.
Jump up ^ Cokayne 1959, pp. 552–3; Richardson III 2011, p. 253.
Jump up ^ Richardson III 2011, pp. 253–4.
References[edit]
Cokayne, George Edward (1959). The Complete Peerage, edited by Geoffrey H. White. XII, Part II. London: St. Catherine Press.
Doyle, James E. (1886). The Official Baronage of England III. London: Longmans, Green.
Pollard, A.J. (2004). Neville, Ralph, second earl of Westmorland (b. in or before 1407, d. 1484). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1449966381
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 144996639X

Ralph married Isabel Booth before 20 Feb 1472 in (Sawley, Derbyshire, England). Isabel (daughter of Roger Booth and Catherine Hatton) was born about 1456 in Sawley, Derbyshire, England; died on 20 Mar 1483 in (Durham, England); was buried in Brancepeth, Durham, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Edward of Westminster (13 October 1453 – 4 May 1471), also known as Edward of Lancaster, was the only son of King Henry VI of England and Margaret of Anjou. He was killed at the Battle of Tewkesbury, making him the only heir apparent to the English throne to die in battle.

Early life

Edward was born at the Palace of Westminster, London, the only son of King Henry VI of England and his wife, Margaret of Anjou. At the time, there was strife between Henry's supporters and those of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, who had a claim to the throne and challenged the authority of Henry's officers of state. Henry was suffering from mental illness, and there were widespread rumours that the prince was the result of an affair between his mother and one of her loyal supporters. Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset and James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormonde, were both suspected of fathering Prince Edward;[1] however, there is no firm evidence to support the rumours, and Henry himself never doubted the boy's legitimacy and publicly acknowledged paternity. Edward was invested as Prince of Wales at Windsor Castle in 1454.

War over the English throne

In 1460, King Henry was captured by the supporters of the Duke of York at the Battle of Northampton and taken to London. The Duke of York was dissuaded from claiming the throne immediately but he induced Parliament to pass the Act of Accord, by which Henry was allowed to reign but Edward was disinherited, as York or his heirs would become king on Henry's death.

Queen Margaret and Edward had meanwhile fled through Cheshire. By Margaret's later account, she induced outlaws and pillagers to aid her by pledging them to recognise the seven-year-old Edward as rightful heir to the crown. They subsequently reached safety in Wales and journeyed to Scotland, where Margaret raised support, while the Duke of York's enemies gathered in the north of England.

After York was killed at the Battle of Wakefield, the large army which Margaret had gathered advanced south. They defeated the army of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, one of York's most prominent supporters, at the Second Battle of St Albans. Warwick brought the captive King Henry in the train of his army, and he was found abandoned on the battlefield. Two of Warwick's knights, William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville, and Sir Thomas Kyriell, who had agreed to remain with Henry and see that he came to no harm, were captured. The day after the battle, Margaret asked Edward what death the two knights should suffer. Edward readily replied that their heads should be cut off.[2]

Exile in France

Margaret hesitated to advance on London with her unruly army, and subsequently retreated. They were routed at the Battle of Towton a few weeks later. Margaret and Edward fled once again, to Scotland. For the next three years, Margaret inspired several revolts in the northernmost counties of England, but was eventually forced to sail to France, where she and Edward maintained a court in exile. (Henry had once again been captured and was a prisoner in the Tower of London.)

In 1467 the ambassador of the Duchy of Milan to the court of France wrote that Edward "already talks of nothing but cutting off heads or making war, as if he had everything in his hands or was the god of battle or the peaceful occupant of that throne."[3]

After several years in exile, Margaret took the best opportunity that presented itself and allied herself with the renegade Earl of Warwick. King Louis XI of France wanted to start a war with Burgundy, allies of the Yorkist King Edward IV. He believed if he allied himself to restoring Lancastrian rule they would help him conquer Burgundy. As a compliment to his new allies Louis made young Edward godfather to his son Charles. Prince Edward was married to Anne Neville, Warwick's younger daughter, in December 1470, though there is some doubt as to whether the marriage was ever consummated.

Battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury

Warwick returned to England and deposed Edward IV, with the help of Edward IV's younger brother, the Duke of Clarence. Edward IV fled into exile to Burgundy with his youngest brother the Duke of Gloucester, while Warwick restored Henry VI to the throne.


Anne Neville
Edward and Margaret lingered behind in France until April 1471. However, Edward IV had already raised an army, returned to England, and reconciled with Clarence. On the same day Margaret and Edward landed in England (14 April), Edward IV defeated and killed Warwick at the Battle of Barnet. With little real hope of success, the inexperienced prince and his mother led the remnant of their forces to meet Edward IV in the Battle of Tewkesbury. They were defeated and Edward was killed.[4]

According to some accounts, shortly after the rout of the Lancastrians at Tewkesbury, a small contingent of men under the Duke of Clarence found the grieving prince near a grove, and immediately beheaded him on a makeshift block, despite his pleas. Paul Murray Kendall, a biographer of Richard III, accepts this version of events.[5]

Another account of Edward's death is given by three Tudor sources: The Grand Chronicle of London, Polydore Vergil, and Edward Hall. It was later dramatised by William Shakespeare in Henry VI, Part 3, Act V, scene v. Their story is that Edward was captured and brought before the victorious Edward IV and his brothers and followers. The king received the prince graciously, and asked him why he had taken up arms against him. The prince replied defiantly, "I came to recover my father's heritage." The king then struck the prince across his face with his gauntlet hand, and his brothers killed the prince with their swords.

However, none of these accounts appear in any of the contemporaneous sources, which all report that Edward died in battle.

Edward's body is buried at Tewkesbury Abbey. His widow, Anne Neville, married the Duke of Gloucester, to whom she had been betrothed before and who eventually succeeded as King Richard III in 1483.

Epitaph

The Latin memorial brass to Edward in Tewkesbury Abbey is set in the floor between the choir stalls, under the tower. It reads as follows:

+
Hic jacet
Edwardus
princeps Wallie, crude=
liter interfectus dum adhuc juvenis
anno dni 1471 mense maie die quarto
eheu hominum furor Matris
tu sola lux est gregis
ultima
spes
This can be translated into English as follows:[6]

"Here lies Edward, Prince of Wales, cruelly slain whilst but a youth. Anno Domini 1471, May fourth. Alas, the savagery of men. Thou art the sole light of thy Mother, and the last hope of thy race."

*

Family/Spouse: Lady Anne Neville, Queen of England. Anne (daughter of Sir Richard Neville, II, Knight, 16th Earl of Warwick and Lady Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick) was born on 11 Jun 1456 in Warwick Castle, Warwick, Warwickshire, England; died on 16 Mar 1485 in Westminster Palace, Westminster, London, Middlesex, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, 20 Deans Yd, London SW1P 3PA, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir Roger Kynaston. Roger was born in ~1430 in Hordley, Shropshire, England; died on ~ AUGUST, 1496. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Jane Mirfield. Jane (daughter of Oliver Mirfield and Isabel Savile) was born in ~1460 in Howley, Yorkshire, England; died before 1522 in North Elmsall, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Military: KIA - Battle of St. Mathieu

Notes:

Thomas' pedigree: http://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/Knyvet-Family-Tree-12

*

Military:
Its history ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Mathieu

Buried:
Body lost at sea;
Plot: Royal flagship The Regent, in the naval Battle of St. Mathieu off the coast of Brest, France

Thomas married Muriel Howard before 1510 in Norfolkshire, England. Muriel (daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk and Elizabeth Tilney, Countess of Surrey) was born in 0___ 1486 in Buckenham, Norfolkshire, England; died on 14 Dec 1512 in Greenwich, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir Thomas Dacre, Knight of the Garter. Thomas (son of Sir Humphrey Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre and Mabel Parr, Lady Dacre) was born on 25 Nov 1467 in Gisland, Cumbria, England; died on 24 Oct 1525; was buried in Lanercost Priory, Brampton, Cumbria, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Map, photo & history ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverston_Castle

Elizabeth married Sir Thomas Berkeley in ~ 1497. Thomas (son of Sir Edward Berkeley and Christine Holt) was born in 0___ 1462 in Beverston Castle, Gloucestershire, England; died in 0___ 1500. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

George married Lady Mary Stafford in June 1519. Mary (daughter of Sir Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Lady Eleanor Percy, Duchess of Buckingham) was born in ~1500; died before 1532. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Katherine Dacre. Katherine (daughter of Sir Humphrey Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre and Mabel Parr, Lady Dacre) was born in (Naworth Castle, Brampton, Cumbria, England). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir William Conyers, Knight, 1st Baron Conyers. William (son of John Conyers and Alice Neville) was born on 21 Dec 1468 in Settrington, Yorkshire, England; died on 14 Apr 1524 in Hornby Castle, Hornby, Bedale, DL8 1NQ. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ralph Neville, Lord Neville (d. 1498). As noted above, on 5 December 1485 his father had granted his marriage to the King. Accordingly, Ralph Neville married firstly, in the presence of King Henry VII and his Queen, Elizabeth of York, Mary Paston (born 19 January 1470), the eldest daughter of William Paston by Anne Beaufort, daughter of Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. She died of measles at court about Christmas 1489. There were no issue of the marriage.

Ralph Neville married secondly, again in the royal presence, Edith Sandys (d. 22 August 1529), sister of William Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys, by whom he had two sons, Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland, and a son who died young, as well as a daughter, Isabel, who married firstly, Sir Robert Plumpton, and secondly, Lawrence Kighley, esquire. After Neville's death in 1498, his widow, Edith, married Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Darcy, who was beheaded on Tower Hill 30 June 1537.[12]

Family/Spouse: Edith Sandys, Lady Neville. Edith (daughter of Sir William Sandys and Margaret Cheney) was born in ~ 1471 in Saint John, Hampshire, England; died on 22 Aug 1529 in Stepney, London, England; was buried in Friars Observant, Greenwich, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

About Jane (i) Kynaston
Jane Kynaston1,2,3
F, b. circa 1470
Father Sir Roger Kynaston, Sheriff of Shropshire & Merionithshire, Constable of Harlech Castle4,5,3 b. c 1430, d. c Aug 1496
Mother Elizabeth Grey4,5,3 b. c 1440, d. a 1501
Jane Kynaston was born circa 1470 at of Middle, Shropshire, England.1,3 She married Roger Thornes, Bailiff, Burgess, & Alderman of Shrewsbury, son of Thomas Thornes, Esq. and Mary Corbet, circa 1484; They had 4 sons (John, Nicholas, Robert, & Thomas) and 3 daughters (Margery, wife of Richard Lloyd; Cecily, wife of Thomas Berington; & Elizabeth, wife of Ieuan Llwyd Fychan).1,2,3
Family Roger Thornes, Bailiff, Burgess, & Alderman of Shrewsbury b. b 1469, d. 1531
Child
John Thornes, Bailiff of Shrewsbury+1,3 b. c 1485, d. a 1535

Citations

1.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 452.
2.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. I, p. 431.
3.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 33.
4.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 454-455.
5.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. I, p. 430.

Jane Kynaston1,2,3,4
F, #90200, b. circa 1470
Father Sir Roger Kynaston, Sheriff of Shropshire & Merionithshire, Constable of Harlech Castle5,6,3,4 b. c 1430, d. c Aug 1496
Mother Elizabeth Grey5,6,3,4 b. c 1440, d. a 1501
Jane Kynaston was born circa 1470 at of Middle, Shropshire, England.1,3,4 She married Roger Thornes, Bailiff, Burgess, Coronor, & Alderman of Shrewsbury, Escheator of Shropshire, son of Thomas Thornes, Esq. and Mary Corbet, circa 1484; They had 4 sons (John, Nicholas, Robert, & Thomas) and 3 daughters (Margery, wife of Richard Lloyd; Cecily, wife of Thomas Berington; & Elizabeth, wife of Ieuan Llwyd Fychan).1,2,3,4
Family
Roger Thornes, Bailiff, Burgess, Coronor, & Alderman of Shrewsbury, Escheator of Shropshire b. b 1469, d. 1531
Child
John Thornes, Bailiff of Shrewsbury+1,3,4 b. c 1485, d. a 1535

Citations

[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 452.
[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. I, p. 431.
[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 33.
[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. III, p. 585.
[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 454-455.
[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. I, p. 430.

Jane married Sir Roger Thornes in ~1484 in England. Roger (son of Thomas Thornes and Mary Isabel Corbet) was born in 1468 in Ruyton-XI-Towns, Shropshire, England; died in 0Apr 1531 in Ruyton-XI-Towns, Shropshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Walter Hawksworth about 1471 in Hawksworth, Yorkshire, England. Walter was born in 1465 in Hawksworth, Yorkshire, England; died in Hawksworth, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Sir Edmund Knyvet (c. 1508 – 1 May 1551) was the eldest son of Sir Thomas Knyvet (c. 1485 – 1512), a distinguished courtier and sea captain, and Muriel Howard (died 1512), the daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk.

Family

Born about 1508, Edmund Knyvet was the eldest son of Sir Thomas Knyvet (c. 1485 – 1512) and Muriel Howard (died 1512), the daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Elizabeth Tilney. By her first marriage to John Grey, 2nd Viscount Lisle,[1] Muriel Howard had a daughter, Elizabeth Grey, Viscountess Lisle.

Knyvet's father was slain in a naval battle near Brest on 10 August 1512, and four months later Knyvet's mother died in childbirth between 13 and 21 December 1512. According to Gunn, Knyvet and his two brothers and two sisters, Ferdinand, Henry (died c. 1546), Katherine and Anne, were at first entrusted to the care of their grandmother, Eleanor Knyvet.[2] In 1516 Knyvet's wardship was sold for ¹400 to his father's friend, Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, who had earlier been betrothed to Knyvet's half-sister, Elizabeth Grey. It appears that Suffolk resold the wardship to Sir Thomas Wyndham of Felbrigg, another friend and colleague of Knyvet's father. Wyndham died in 1522, and directed his executors to sell the wardship to Sir Anthony Wingfield.[3]

Career

Although Knyvet reached the age of majority about 1529, he did not come into his entire inheritance at that time. Knyvet's great-grandfather, Sir William Knyvet (died 1515), had married, as his second wife Joan Stafford, daughter of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, by Anne Neville (1414–1480), daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland,[4] and had partly disinherited Sir Edmund Knyvet (died 1504),[5] his eldest son by his first marriage, by leaving Buckenham Castle and other properties to Sir Edward Knyvet (died 1528), the eldest son of his second marriage to Joan Stafford.[6] Sir Edward Knyvet died childless in 1528, and Sir William Knyvet's lands then reverted to Sir William Knyvet's rightful heir, Edmund Knyvet, who had livery of his lands in 1533.[7]

By 1527 Knyvet had married Anne Shelton, the daughter of Sir John Shelton of Carrow, Norfolk, and his wife, Anne Boleyn. Knyvet's wife was a sister of Mary Shelton, and a first cousin of Queen Anne Boleyn. Sir Edmund Knyvet and Anne Shelton had two sons,[8] the elder of whom, Sir Thomas Knyvett (c. 1528 – 22 September 1569), married Catherine Stanley, daughter of Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby,[9] and Margaret Barlow.[citation needed]

Through his marriage Knyvet was closely connected to the Shelton, Boleyn and Howard families. Knyvet joined his uncle, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, in suppressing the uprising in Yorkshire in 1536 known as the Pilgrimage of Grace. He was knighted in 1538 or 1539, and was made sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk in November 1539.[10]

At times Knyvet's relationship with the Duke of Norfolk was strained. According to Virgoe, Norfolk 'always wrote about Knyvet in terms which revealed small sympathy for his hotheaded, conceited and clever young kinsman'.[11] In 1539 Knyvet's hotheadedness led to an altercation over the election of Edmund Wyndham and Richard Southwell as knights of the shire for Norfolk, as a result of which the Duke bound both Knyvet and Southwell in ¹2000 to keep the peace and appear in the Star Chamber. In April 1541 Knyvet struck Thomas Clere, a servant of the Duke's son and heir, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, in the King's tennis court. In accordance with a recent statute enacted to curb violence at court, Knyvet was sentenced to have his right hand struck off, a sentence he only narrowly escaped by a last-minute royal pardon. In February 1542 Knyvet was also bound in 500 marks to attend daily before the Privy Council, although for what reason is unknown. Knyvet contributed to the downfall of the Howards in 1546, and testified against Surrey at his treason trial in December of that year. He was rewarded with a lease of the manor of Wymondham and other Howard lands.[12] He was appointed High Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk for 1539-40 and took his place on the bench as Justice of the Peace for Norfolk from 1543 to his death.[13]

The fall of the Howards paved the way for Knyvet's election as a knight of the shire (MP) for Norfolk in 1547. However, according to Virgoe, he remained 'a thorn in the flesh of authority', being bound in ¹1000 in February 1548 to attend before the Protector Somerset and the Privy Council to answer charges which may have been related to his alleged adultery with the Countess of Sussex.[14]

During Kett's Rebellion in the summer of 1549, Knyvet 'led his servants in a spirited attack against the Norfolk rebels', was one of those sent to parley with Kett, and served under John Dudley, Earl of Warwick in the final battle at Mousehold Heath on 27 August 1549. Two years later Knyvet died in London on 1 May 1551.[15]

It has been suggested that Knyvet was the 'E.K.' who contributed verses to an anthology compiled by his sister-in-law, Mary Shelton.[16]

Knyvet has sometimes been confused with his uncle and namesake, Edmund Knyvet, serjeant porter to King Henry VIII, who died 1 May 1539.[17]

*

Edmund married Dame Anne Shelton in BY 1527. Anne (daughter of Sir John Shelton and Anne Boleyn) was born after 1505 in Norwich, Norfolk, England; died on 17 Sep 1563. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Master of the Jewel Office

Notes:

Occupation:
to Queen Elizabeth and King James...

Family/Spouse: Anne Pickering. Anne was born in 1496 in Killington, England; died in 1582. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

William Dacre, 7th Baron Greystock, later 3rd Baron Dacre of Gilsland (ca. 1493 - 18 November 1563) was an English peer, a Cumberland landowner, and the holder of important offices under the Crown, including many years' service as Warden of the West Marches.

Life

The son of Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre, by his marriage to Elizabeth Greystoke, Dacre succeeded his mother as Baron Greystock on 14 August 1516 and his father as Baron Dacre in 1525.[1] From his father he inherited about 70,000 acres (280 km²) of land in Cumberland, 30,000 acres (120 km²) in Yorkshire and 20,000 acres (80 km²) in Northumberland.

On an unknown date between 18 May 1519 and 1527, he married Lady Elizabeth Talbot, the fifth daughter of George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury, by his marriage to Anne Hastings, only daughter of William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings. She was still alive on 6 May 1552.[1]

He was Captain of Norham Castle in 1522-23, Steward of Penrith, Warden of the West Marches from 1527 to 1534 and again from 1549 until his death in 1563, Governor of Carlisle 1549 to 1551 and Warden of the Middle Marches from 1553 until 1555.[1]

On his death in 1563, he was succeeded by his eldest son Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre.[1]

Children of William Dacre and Elizabeth Talbot:

Anne Dacre (died c. July 1581)
Dorothy Dacre
Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre (c. 1526 – 1566)
Leonard Dacre (c. 1527 – 12 August 1573)
Edward Dacre (c. 1528 – 1584)
Francis Dacre (c. 1529 – 19 February 1633)
Magdalen Dacre (1538 – c. 1608)
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d

William married Lady Elizabeth Talbot, Baroness Dacre in 1519-1527 in (England). Elizabeth (daughter of George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury and Lady Anne Hastings, Countess of Shrewsbury) was born in ~ 1507 in (England); died on 6 May 1552 in (England). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

About Alice Alys Berkeley
Alys Berkeley
F, #80925, b. circa 1490

Father Sir Thomas Berkeley1 b. c 1470, d. 1500
Mother Elizabeth Neville1 b. c 1467, d. a 1500
Alys Berkeley was born circa 1490 at of Avon in Sopley, Hampshire, England. She married George Whetenhall circa 1507.
Family George Whetenhall b. c 1475
Child
Mary Whetenhall+ b. c 1508

Citations

1.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 313.
From: http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p2693.htm#i80925
______________
Alice BERKELEY
Born: ABT 1500
Father: Thomas BERKELEY
Mother: Elizabeth NEVILLE
Married: Son WHETENHALL
Children:
1. Anna WHETENHALL (mother of Edward Sanders)

From: http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/BERKELEY1.htm#Alice BERKELEY2
___________________

Alice married George Whetenhall(Gloucestershire) England. George was born in 0___ 1476 in East Peckham, Kent, England; died in 0___ 1543 in East Peckham, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Warham St Leger. Warham was born in ~1526 in Ulcombe, Kent, England; died in 0Jan 1598. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Lady Frances Manners in 1553 in Haddon Hall, Derbyshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Weston. John (son of William Weston and Alice Edshaw) was born in 0___ 1482 in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England; died in 0___ 1574 in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

note: knighted 1523; Knight of the Garter 1525; Deputy Captain of Berwick and Vice Warden of the East and Middle Marches 1525-26; Privy Councillor 1525/6; one of the peers who tried Queen Anne Boleyn 1536; member of the Council of the North 1536/7

Ralph married Katherine Stafford(Yorkshire) England. Katherine (daughter of Sir Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Lady Eleanor Percy, Duchess of Buckingham) was born in ~ 1497 in (Yorkshire) England; died on 14 May 1555 in (Yorkshire) England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Bailiff of Shrewsbury

Notes:

About John Thornes
'John Thornes, Bailiff of Shrewsbury1,2,3
'M, b. circa 1485, d. after 1535
Father Roger Thornes, Bailiff, Burgess, & Alderman of Shrewsbury1,4 b. b 1469, d. 1531
Mother Jane Kynaston1,4 b. c 1470
' John Thornes, Bailiff of Shrewsbury was born circa 1485 at of Shelvock, Ruyton-of-the-Eleven-Towns, Shropshire, England.1 He married Elizabeth Astley, daughter of Richard Astley, Esq., Sheriff of Staffordshire and Joane Oteley, circa 1502; They had 3 sons (Geoffrey, Richard, & Thomas) and 1 daughter (wife of Mr. Tannat).1,2,3 John Thornes, Bailiff of Shrewsbury died after 1535.1,3
'Family Elizabeth Astley b. c 1480
Child
Richard Thornes+3 b. c 1504

Citations

1.[S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 452.
2.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. I, p. 57.
3.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 34.
4.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 33.
From: http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p3002.htm#i90203

Birth:
the ancient Manor of Shelvock, near Ruyton-XI-Towns , Shropshire , England originally pronounced "shelf'ac", "shelv'ak" or ...

John married Elizabeth Astley about 1500 in Patshull, Staffordshire, England. Elizabeth (daughter of Richard Astley, Esquire and Joane Oteley) was born about 1480 in Patshull, Staffordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Lady Margaret Acklome on 17 Jun 1516 in Hawksworth, Yorkshire, England. Margaret (daughter of Sir John Acklome and Lady Alice Danby) was born about 1500 in Stillingfleet, East Riding, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: High Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk

Family/Spouse: Catherine Stanley. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Catherine married Sir Edward Cary, MP in ~ 1568 in Buckenham, Norfolkshire, England. Edward (son of Sir John Carey, Knight and Joyce Denny) was born in ~ 1540 in Cockington, Devon, England; died on 18 Jul 1618 in St. Bartholomew, London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Sir Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland(England). Henry (son of Sir Henry Clifford, Knight, 1st Earl of Cumberland and Margaret Percy) was born in 0___ 1517 in Skipton Castle, Skipton, North Yorkshire, England; died in 0Jan 1570 in Brougham Castle, Moor Lane, Penrith, Cumbria, England CA10 2AA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

No doubt her lines go to the family of WHETENHALL, however, there is a generation or two missing...

http://www.ourfamilyhistories.org/ahnentafel.php?personID=I99828&tree=00&parentset=0&generations=12

Anna married John Saunders(Kent) England. John (son of Edward Saunders and Joan Mackerness) was born in 0___ 1505 in Chilton, Kent, England; died in 0___ 1575 in (Kent) England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Mary Scott. Mary was born in 1557 in Scotts Hall (in Smeeth), Kent, England; died in 1636. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mildred married John White in 0___ 1549 in Timsbury, Hampshire, England. John (son of Mark White and Margaret LNU) was born in 0___ 1510 in Timsbury, Hampshire, England; died on 1 Feb 1579 in Timsbury, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: ~ 1546, (Yorkshire) England

Dorothy married John de Vere on 3 Jul 1536 in Holywell, Shoreditch, London, England. John (son of Sir John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford and Elizabeth Trussell) was born in 0___ 1516 in (Castle Hedingham, Essex, England); died on 3 Aug 1562; was buried on 31 Aug 1562 in Castle Hedingham, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Anne Manners. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Margaret Vychan about 1527 in England. Margaret (daughter of Leuan Llwyd Fychan and unnamed spouse) was born in ~1505 in Abertenent, Wales; died in 1570 in (Shropshire) England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Military: Battle of Pinkie Cleugh
• Probate: 19 Dec 1551, (Yorkshire, England)

Notes:

Thomas Hawks worth of Hawksworth esquire aged 40 and more 23 March 151y

married Margaret Acclom dau of John Acclom by Alice his 1 st wife dau and coheir of Ralph Danby of Yafforth co York esquire marriage licence dated 1 7 June 1516 administratrix to her husband 7 September 1517

son

Walter Hawksworth of Hawksworth esquire slain at battle of Pinkney 10 September 1547 granted at York 19 December 1551 Inq pm taken Eastrington 6 November 1547 and at Skipton co York 6 April 1555

Visitation of England and Wales: Notes, Volume 7

By Joseph Jackson Howard, England. College of arms

Military:
The Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, took place on 10 September 1547 on the banks of the River Esk near Musselburgh, Scotland. The last pitched battle between Scottish and English armies, it was part of the conflict known as the Rough Wooing, and is considered to be the first modern battle in the British Isles.

It was a catastrophic defeat for Scotland, where it became known as Black Saturday.

soursce: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Pinkie_Cleugh

Walter married Jane Pasliew in ~1531 in Hawksworth, Yorkshire, England. Jane (daughter of Alexander Pasliew and unnamed spouse) was born in 1517 in Rittlesden, Yorkshire, England; died in ~1612 in Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Sir John Savile, Knight, 1st Baron Savile of Pontefract on 20 Nov 1586 in (Devonshire) England. John (son of Sir Robert Barkston Savile and Anne Hussey) was born in 1556 in Yorkshire, England; died on 31 Aug 1630 in Garforth, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Elizabeth Carey
Gender: Female
Birth: 1606
Devon, England, United Kingdom
Death: Pomfret, Garforth, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
Immediate Family:
Daughter of Edward Carey, MP and Catherine Carey
Wife of John Damton
Mother of Alice Bradley
Sister of Frances Carey; Sir Philip Carey, MP; Merial (Muriel) Crompton; Jane Barrett; Catherine Longueville and 4 others
Half sister of Elizabeth Paget. Baroness Paget.
Added by: Jukka Salakari on January 21, 2015
Managed by: Jukka Salakari
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John Damton
husband

Alice Bradley
daughter

Edward Carey, MP
father

Catherine Carey
mother

Frances Carey
sister

Sir Philip Carey, MP
brother

Merial (Muriel) Crompton
sister

Jane Barrett
sister

Catherine Longueville
sister

Sir Adolphus Carey, Kt., MP
brother

Elizabeth Carey
sister

Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland
brother

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Family/Spouse: John Damton. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: 0___ 1636, Chilton, Berkshire, England

Edward married Anna Pendreth in 0___ 1570 in (Berkshire) England. Anna (daughter of Miles Pendreth and Elizabeth Lowin) was born in 0___ 1550 in Chilton, Berkshire, England; died in 0___ 1642 in Chilton, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Mary Hayward. Mary (daughter of Rowland Hayward and Katherine Smythe) was born in ~1582 in Kent, England; died in 1662 in Lenham, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Elizabeth Isabel Bawle in 0___ 1570 in (Staffordshire) England. Elizabeth (daughter of John Bawle and Rosanna McIlhany) was born in 0___ 1552 in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England; died on 30 Sep 1601 in Stanton St. John, Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir Edward Windsor, Knight, 3rd Baron Windsor. Edward was born in 0___ 1532 in (Windsor, Berkshire, England); died on 24 Jan 1574 in Venice, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Mary Wigmore(Lincolnshire) England. Mary was born in 0___ 1520 in (Lincolnshire) England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joanna married Thomas Norman Crossland about 1552 in Almondbury, West Riding, Yorkshire, England. Thomas was born on 17 Dec 1531 in Crossland, Almondbury, West Riding, Yorkshire, England; died on 2 Sep 1587 in Crossland, Almondbury, West Riding, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Frances Savile
Birthdate: 1604
Birthplace: Pomfert,,Yorkshire,England
Death: Died January 30, 1663 in Pomfert,,Yorkshire,England

Immediate Family:

Daughter of John Savile, 1st Baron Savile of Pontefract and Elizabeth Carey

Wife of Thomas Bradley, II

Mother of Saville X. Bradley; Francis Bradley; Barbars Bradley; John Bradley and Thomas Johannes Bradley, III
Sister of Thomas Saville and Anne Legh (Savile)

Managed by: Gloria Jean Tate
Last Updated: December 7, 2014

end of this profile

Frances married Reverend Thomas Bradley, II, D. D. on 5 Mar 1631 in All Saints Parish Church, Castleford, West Riding, Yorkshire, England. Thomas was born in 1594 in Pontefract, West Riding, Yorkshire, England; died on 10 Oct 1673 in (Yorkshire) England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alice married Thomas Bradley, III, The Immigrant in ~1652 in Yorkshire, England. Thomas (son of Reverend Thomas Bradley, II, D. D. and Frances Savile) was born in 1633 in Pontefract, West Riding, Yorkshire, England; died in 1665 in Virginia, Colonial America. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

...English records show that his wife, Anna Sanders Tilghman, was a direct descendant of William the Conqueror

through her paternal grandmother, Anna Whetenhall,
her mother Alice Berkeley,
her mother Elizabeth Neville,
her father George Neville,
his mother Isabel Despencer,
her mother Constance Plantaganet,
her father Edmund Langley,
his father Edward,
his father Henry,
his father Geoffrey,
his father Fulk Plantaganet...http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/c/o/f/John-A-Coffey/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0194.html

Anna married Christopher Tilghman, Sr. in 0___ 1589 in Selling, Fabersham Hundred, Kent, England. Christopher (son of Nicholas Tilghman and Jane Benson) was born in ~ 1570 in Selling, Kent, England; died in 1615-1619 in (Selling, Faversham Hundred, Kent) England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Biography
Warham St Leger, Knt., and Mary Hayward, daughter of Rowland Hayward, Knt., had nine sons and four daughters, including Ursula (St Leger) Horsmanden.[1]

Ursula St Leger, born 1609 in Ulcombe, Kent, England, was buried there on 18 August 1672.[2]

Ursula married Rev. Daniel Horsmonden (1628-1691) and they had at least one son: Warham St. Leger Horsmanden.[2]

Sources
? Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, Royal Ancestry series, 2nd edition, 4 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2011), Vol III, pages 481-484, SAINT LEGER
? 2.0 2.1 Millennium File
Royal Ancestry 2013 Douglas Richardson Vol. IV, p. 538
Charles H. Browning. Americans of Royal Descent. Page 668. Philadelphia: Porter & Coates, 1891.
Charles H. Browning. "Pedigree XII." Americans of Royal Descent. Genealogical Publishing Com, 1911.
Ancestry Family Trees (Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members).
Acknowledgements
Magna Carta Project
Magna Carta trail
A trail between Gateway Ancestor St Leger Codd and Surety Baron Robert de Vere has been developed by the Magna Carta Project (see Base Camp). That trail connects to Ursula (Neville), wife of Warham St Leger. ~ Noland-165 12:29, 5 March 2018 (EST)
Richardson's Magna Carta Ancestry (Vol I, p 171, footnote 107) notes that Gateway Ancestors St. Leger Codd, Edward Digges, Warham Horsmanden, and Katherine Saint Leger are descendants of Ursula and Warham Saint Leger.
Needs Development: Both this profile and the trail from son Warham Horsemanden to Warham and Ursula (Neville) St Leger need to be developed. ~ Noland-165 12:29, 5 March 2018 (EST)

end of profile

Family/Spouse: Reverend Daniel Horsemanden. Daniel was born in 1583 in Lenham, Kent, England; died in 1655 in Maidstone, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIOGRAPHY OF MARTHA WHITE, Sister of John White the Patriarch of Dorchester

Martha was born about 1575, possibly in Stanton St. John, Oxford, England. according to her marriage record in Stockton, Wiltshire, she was the daughter of John White, gentleman, of Stanton St. John. Martha's new husband was William Cooke, soon to become the vicar of Crediton, Devon. The rector of Stockton, where they were married, was John Terry, husband of Martha's sister, Mary.

Martha and William had seven children, all born in Crediton. William died in Crediton between February and April of 1615. Marftha remained a widow until sometime between 1620 and 1627, when she married a man named Moore. The will of her sister Mary Terry, dated 1637, names her sister Martha Moore as well as niece Elizabeth Walton. Martha was still living in 1649 when her brother John White, the Patriarch of Dorchester named her in his will.

Martha married Reverend William Cooke, Vicar on 27 Apr 1597 in Stockton, Wiltshire, England. William was born about 1562 in Stratton, Dorsetshire, England; died before 26 Jun 1615 in Crediton, Devonshire, England; was buried in Holy Cross Churchyard, Crediton, Devonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alt Birth: ~1558, Candlesby, Lincolnshire, England

Notes:

Francis Thorne
Born about 1558 in Candleshoe, Lincolnshire, England
Son of Thomas Thorne and [mother unknown]
[sibling(s) unknown]
[spouse(s) unknown]
Father of John Thomas Thorne
Died 7 Oct 1601 in Candleshoe, Lincolnshire, Englandmap

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Thorne-1584 created 15 Dec 2016 | Last modified 20 Dec 2016
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Biography

Notes for Francis Thorne: historical info incudes Francis SPECULATIVE LINCOLNSHIRE TIES In Gunby, Candleshoe, Lincolnshire, England there was a family named THORNE.

This family was resident here for at least 4 generations (which is as far as the records permit).

They were there at the same time as the Marbury's were in Alford. .

GENTLEMAN JOHN THORNE OF GUNBY, CANDLESHOE, LINCOLNSHIRE. ENGLAND: . John Thorne (Gentleman) born 1562-1582 buried 12 June 1621. John was married to Constance, buried 2 Sep 1617.

Their children were:.

1.Cavendish Thorne baptized 25 July 1610 buried 10 June 1611
2.John Thorne baptized 3 July 1614 no further record
3.William Thorne baptized 31 July 1617 no further record
4.Susannah Thorne baptized 4 October 1608 no further record .

As both parents were deceased by 1621, they would have been placed with friends or relatives, presumably in the area. .

Gentleman John Thorne's father was: FRANCIS THORNE; he was buried in Gunby on 7 October 1601 .

Gentleman John Thorne's mother was: JANE CAVENDISH; she was buried in Gunby on 3 September 1608 . Francis Thorne had brothers named Richard and Nicholas; their parent's names are unknown and each of the 2 brothers had offspring!! .

I have a feeling that this is our William Thorne, be forewarned that there is no clear evidence linking them to us, but the odds look fairly good. .

The John Thorne listed above may well be the John Thorne, who left his small estate to Ann Pallgrave.

Ann had come to Boston with her stepfather John Youngs.

Youngs led a party to New Southold on Long Island and ONE of his colonists was Ensign JOHN BOOTH.

Southold is in adjacent Suffolk county to Lincolnshire. .

Further Long Island Genealogies speculate that the Francis Thorne, who was in Rye for a short time and went back to Greenwich, Connecticut may well have been another son that went unrecorded of our William Thorne, the Immigrant.

This Francis Thorne died in Greenwich, Connecticut 22 Dec 1690, after having lived in both Massachusetts and Rye, Westchester County, NY.

He too, had a flair for religious controversy but he was pro-infant baptism. .

Susannah Booth Thorne's exact parentage is unknown.

There was an Ensign John Booth who came with Reverend John Youngs to New Southold on Long Island.

He resided on Shelter Island.

Youngs was a militant puritan with strong anti Quaker feelings.

In more than one instance Booth sided with the Quakers against Youngs.

Given this bent towards religious tolerance and given the fact the Reverend Youngs group was from Southold in Suffolk County, England (next to Lincolnshire) we have some circumstantial evidence tying the Booths and Thornes to the same general area.

There was a very large and very ancient Booth family in Great Grimsby an old seaport and military site at the mouth of the river Humber, Lincolnshire.

Travelling inland from Grimsby, not far from the Humber River lies the City of THORNE.

Thorne is located in South Yorkshire and is less than 35 miles from Grimsby and is less than 60 miles from where Gunby was formerly situated.

Further it's only about 80 miles south towards London to Southold (John Youngs and John Booth) .

Needless to say, I feel Ensign John Booth and our Susannah Booth were closely related. .

In the City of Thorne there are numerous Thorne place names but MORE interesting is the widespread occurrence of the names PURDY and BIRDSALL.

These were all families that early on under Charles I had strong Anabaptist leanings.

The Thorne, Birdsalls and Purdys were largely Quaker families in the New York Colony.

These 3 families had numerous inter marriages and I am descended from all 3 of them. .

Gary Wayne Williams of Indiana, a Thorne/Booth descendant, gives Susannah's father as Nicholas Booth, without documentation.

end of biography

Birth:
Map & History of Candleshoe ... http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/21676

Francis married Jane Cavendish(Candlesby, Lincolnshire, England). Jane was born in 1558 in (Candlesby, Lincolnshire, England); died in 1608 in Candlesby, Lincolnshire, England; was buried on 3 Sep 1608 in Gunby, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]