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 1408 - 1460 (51 years)
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| Name |
John de Vere |
| Birth |
23 Apr 1408 |
Hedingham Castle, Essex, England  [1, 2] |
| Gender |
Male |
| Death |
26 Feb 1460 |
Tower Hill, London, England [2, 3] |
- John de Vere who was reputedly tightly bound, had his stomach cut open and his entrails cast into a fire. He was then castrated and thrown, still living into the fire.
Source, http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/tower.html, comment provided by Dawn Cline , February 6th, 2018
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| Person ID |
I48679 |
The Hennessee Family |
| Last Modified |
6 Feb 2018 |
| Father |
Sir Richard de Vere, Knight, 11th Earl of Oxford, b. 15 Aug 1385, Hedingham Castle, Essex, England d. 15 Feb 1417 (Age 31 years) |
| Mother |
Alice Sergeaux, Countess of Oxfor, b. ~ 1386, Colquite Manor, St Mabyn, Cornwall, England d. 18 May 1452, (England) (Age ~ 66 years) |
| Marriage |
(England) [4, 5] |
| Family ID |
F15790 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Family |
Elizabeth Howard, b. ~ 1410 d. 25 Dec 1475, Wiggonholt, Sussex, England (Age ~ 65 years) |
| Marriage |
MID-SUMMER 1425 [2, 3] |
| Children |
|
| Family ID |
F17966 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Last Modified |
30 Apr 2023 |
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| Notes |
- John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (23 April 1408 – 26 February 1462), was the son of Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford (1385?–15 February 1417), and his second wife, Alice Sergeaux (1386–1452).[1] A Lancastrian loyalist during the latter part of his life, he was convicted of high treason and beheaded on Tower Hill on 26 February 1462.
Earl of Oxford, was executed
Born 23 April 1408
Castle Hedingham, Essex
Died 26 February 1462 (aged 53)
Tower Hill, London
Noble family De Vere
Spouse(s) Elizabeth Howard
Issue
Sir Aubrey Vere
John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford
Sir George Vere
Sir Richard Vere
Thomas Vere
Isabel Vere
Joan Vere
Mary Vere
Father Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford
Mother Alice Sergeaux
Life
John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford, born 23 April 1408[2] at Hedingham Castle, was the elder son of Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford, and his second wife, Alice, the widow of Guy de St Aubyn, and daughter of Sir Richard Sergeaux of Colquite, Cornwall by his second wife, Philippe (d. 18 May 1452), the daughter and co-heiress of Sir Edmund de Arundel. Through their second son, Sir Robert Vere, the 11th Earl and his wife, Philippe, were the great-grandparents of John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford.[3]
The 12th Earl inherited his title as a minor at his father's death on 15 February 1417. Custody of his person and lands was granted firstly to the Duke of Exeter until his death in 1426, and later to the Duke of Bedford. In 1425, while still underage, Oxford married the heiress Elizabeth Howard (c.1410–1473/4), the daughter of Sir John Howard, 7th Lord Plaiz (c.1385/6–1409), a brother of Sir Robert Howard, father of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk. After the death of her grandfather, Sir John Howard of Wiggenhall (c. 1366 – 17 November 1436), Elizabeth inherited lands in Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex and Cambridgeshire.[4] Although Oxford claimed the marriage had been contracted on Exeter's advice, it had not been authorized by licence from the King, and Oxford was fined ¹2000. According to Castor, Oxford had difficulty making payment of this large fine since 'the earldom of Oxford was among the poorest of the comital titles', with Oxford stating in 1437 that his lands were worth only ¹500 per year.[5]
Oxford was knighted at Leicester on 26 May 1426, together with 34 others including his brother, Robert, and the four-year-old King Henry VI. On 4 July 1429 he was granted livery of his lands. In 1431 he was appointed to the Privy Council. During the 1430s and 1440s Oxford was involved in local politics in East Anglia, being appointed to various commissions in Essex and serving as a Justice of the Peace in Suffolk and Cambridgeshire. In February 1435 he was licensed to travel to the Holy Land, although there is no evidence that he actually did so.[6]
In July 1436 Oxford mustered his retainers at Sandwich, Kent for an expedition to relieve the Siege of Calais by the Duke of Burgundy. On 23 July 1437 he was summoned to attend the funeral of Queen Joan at Canterbury. In June 1439, with Cardinal Henry Beaufort and other envoys, he was appointed a commissioner to treat of peace with France. On 16 May 1441 he sailed from Portsmouth to France with Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, who had been appointed Lieutenant-General and Governor of France and Normandy. In June 1450 Oxford was among the noblemen appointed to act against Jack Cade's Kentish rebels.[7]
In the late 1440s Oxford extended his political influence in East Anglia to Norfolk. He was regularly appointed a Justice of the Peace there, and in 1450, after the fall from power of William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, Oxford, together with John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, and Sir John Fastolf, challenged the influence of Suffolk's supporters in that county. By the spring of 1451, however, Suffolk's associates had regrouped under the leadership of Thomas, Lord Scales and the widowed Duchess of Suffolk, and by 1452 leading members of Suffolk's affinity such as Sir Thomas Tuddenham and John Heydon were again being appointed to office.[8]
As national politics became increasingly divided during the 1450s, Oxford did not immediately take sides, although he was a member of the Council while the Duke of York was Lord Protector in 1453–54 during Henry VI's period of mental breakdown,[9] and on 28 May 1454, together with 6 other peers and his brother, Sir Robert Vere, undertook to keep the seas for three years.[10] In May 1455 he and the Duke of Norfolk both arrived a day too late to take part in the Battle of St Albans. It was not until 1459 that Oxford committed himself to Margaret of Anjou against the Duke of York. In December of that year and in April 1460 he was appointed to lead anti-Yorkist commissions of array in Essex, and by May 1460 his eldest son, Sir Aubrey Vere, who had recently married Anne, the daughter of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, was reported to be ‘great with the Queen’.[11]
Site of the scaffold on Tower Hill
After the Yorkist victory at the Battle of Northampton in July 1460, Oxford appears to have suffered from ill health. In November of that year he was exempted, ‘in consideration of his infirmities’, from appearing in person before the King or in Council or Parliament.[12] If he was feigning illness in order to maintain a low profile in the face of the new Yorkist regime under King Edward IV, the ploy was unsuccessful. In February 1462 Oxford was arrested, together with his son Aubrey and Sir Thomas Tuddenham, his former opponent in Norfolk and now a fellow Lancastrian loyalist, and convicted of high treason before the Constable of England, John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester. On 26 February 1462 Oxford at on Tower Hill he was reputedly tightly bound, had his stomach cut open and his entrails cast into a fire. He was then castrated and thrown, still living into the fire. Then he was buried in the church of the Austin Friars, London. His eldest son, Aubrey, had been executed six days earlier, and Oxford was therefore succeeded by his second son, John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford.
Marriage and issue
Oxford married, between 22 May and 31 August 1425, Elizabeth Howard (c.1410–1475), the only child and heiress of Sir John Howard, 7th Lord Plaiz (c.1385/6 – c.1409), and his wife Joan Walton, the daughter of John Walton of Wivenhoe, Essex and Margery Sutton,[13] by whom he had five sons and three daughters:[14][15]
Sir Aubrey Vere,[16] who married Anne Stafford, daughter of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham
John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford.[16]
Sir George Vere, who married Margaret Stafford, daughter and heiress of Sir William Stafford of Bishop's Frome, Herefordshire, by whom he had two sons, George Vere and John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford, and four daughters, Elizabeth, who married Sir Anthony Wingfield of Letheringham, Suffolk; Margaret; Dorothy, who married John Neville, 3rd Baron Latimer; and Ursula, who married firstly George Windsor (d.1520), eldest son and heir of Andrew Windsor, 1st Baron Windsor, who predeceased his father, and secondly Sir Edmund Knightley.[17]
Sir Richard Vere, who married Margaret, daughter of Sir Henry Percy and widow of Henry, 3rd Baron Grey of Codnor.[16]
Sir Thomas Vere.[16]
Mary Vere, a nun at Barking Abbey.[15][16]
Joan (or Jane) Vere, who married Sir William Norreys, [18][16] and was the maternal grandmother of Gertrude Tyrell.[citation needed]
Elizabeth Vere, who married William Bourchier.[19][16]
end of biography [2]
- Confirmed executions at the Tower of London.
Name Date Place Method Crime
Sir Simon Burley 05/05/1388 Tower Hill Beheading Supporting the King's struggle for absolute power
Sir John Beachamp 12/05/1388 Tower Hill Beheading Supporting the King's struggle for absolute power
Sir John Berners 12/05/1388 Tower Hill Beheading Supporting the King's struggle for absolute power
Sir John Salisbury 12/05/1388 Tower Hill or Tyburn Hanging Supporting the King's struggle for absolute power
Richard Fitzalan Earl of Arundel 21/09/1397 Tower Hill Beheading Serving on a commission against the King's favourites
Richard Wyche 16/06/1440 Tower Hill Burned at the stake Converting to Lollardism
Lord Aubrey de Vere 20/02/1462 Tower Hill Beheading Corresponding with a Lancastrian conspiracy
John Montgomery 23/02/1462 Tower Hill Beheading Corresponding with a Lancastrian conspiracy
Sir William Tyrrel 23/02/1462 Tower Hill Beheading Corresponding with a Lancastrian conspiracy
Sir Thomas Tudenham 23/02/1462 Tower Hill Beheading Corresponding with a Lancastrian conspiracy
John de Vere 12th Earl of Oxford (father) 26/02/1462 Tower Hill see end notes Corresponding with a Lancastrian conspiracy
John Tiptoft, 4th Earl of Worcester 18/10/1470 Tower Hill Beheading Extreme cruelty
John Goose 1475 Tower Hill Burned at the stake Lollardism
Baron William Hastings 13/06/1483 near Tower Chapel Beheading Supporting King Edward V in the Council Chamber
Sir George Browne 04/12/1483 Tower Hill Beheading Supporting a proposed invasion by Henry Tudor
John Smith 26/02/1484 Tower Hill Beheading Treason
Stephen Ireland " " " "
Robert Ruffe " " " "
William Davey " " " "
Sir Roger Clifford 1484 Tower Hill Beheading Favouring the cause of Henry Tudor
William Collingbourne 12/1484 Tower Hill Hanged, drawn and quartered Favouring the cause of Henry Tudor
John Ashley 1488/89 Tower Hill Beheading Treasonous involvement with Lambert Simnel's pretendership
Unnamed man 1488/89 " " "
Unnamed man 1488/89 " " "
Sir Robert Chamberlain 12/03/1491 Tower Hill Beheading Plotting against Henry VII
William Daubeny 03/02/1495 Tower Hill Beheading Supporting pretender Perkin Warbeck
Sir William Stanley 16/02/1495 Tower Hill Beheading Suggested supporting pretender Perkin Warbeck
Captain John Belt 07/09/1495 Tower Hill Beheading Supporting pretender Perkin Warbeck
James Touchet (or Tuchet) Lord Audley 27/06/1497 Tower Hill Beheading Led protest against taxation. Beheaded wearing a paper suit of armour
Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Warwick 28/11/1499 Tower Hill Beheading Treason
Sir James Tyrrel 06/05/1502 Tower Hill Beheading Assisting Edmund de la Pole after his escape and offering to
Sir John Wyndham " " " surrendered Guisnes Castle to the French
Edmund Dudley 17/08/1510 Tower Hill Beheading Extortion
Sir Richard Empson or Emson " " " "
Edmund de la Pole 8th Earl of Suffolk 04/05/1513 Tower Hill Beheading Yorkist claimant to the throne
Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham 17/05/1521 Tower Hill Beheading Claiming lineage from Edward III's firth son
Sir Rhys ap Gryffydd 04/12/1531 Tower Hill Beheading Partiality, injustice and plotting an alliance with Scotland
5 unnamed persons 15/06/1532 Tower Hill Hanged, drawn and quartered High treason -coining
John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester 22/06/1535 Tower Hill Beheading Refused to take the Oath of Supremacy
Sir Thomas Moore 06/07/1535 Tower Hill Beheading Refused to take the Oath of Supremacy
George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford 17/05/1536 Tower Hill Beheading Incest and adultery with his sister Anne Boleyn
Henry Norris 17/05/1536 Tower Hill Beheading Adulterous association with Anne Boleyn
Sir Frances Weston " " " "
William Brereton " " " "
Mark Smeaton " " " "
Queen Anne Boleyn 19/05/1536 Tower Green Beheading with sword Treason - incest and adultery
Lord Thomas Darcy of Templehurst 30/06/1537 Tower Hill Beheading Treasonable correspondence with Robert Aske re Pilgrimage of Grace
Sir Edward Neville 09/12/1538 Tower Hill Beheading Catholicism
Sir Henry Pole Baron Montague 09/01/1539 Tower Hill Beheading Preaching Catholic sermons
Henry Courtenay, Marquis of Exeter 09/01/1539 Tower Hill Beheading High treason - aspiring to the throne
Sir Nicholas Carew 03/03/1539 Tower Hill Beheading Catholicism
Sir Thomas Dingley ??/07/1539 Tower Hill Beheading Implicated in the Pilgrimage of Grace. Executed 9 or 10 July
Sir Adrian Fortescue ??/07/1539 Tower Hill Beheading Sedition
Thomas Cromwell, 17th Earl of Essex 28/06/1540 Tower Hill Beheading Treason by betraying the King's secrets.
Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury 28/05/1541 Tower Green Beheading Implicated in the Pilgrimage of Grace
Lord Leonard Grey, Viscount Grane 28/06/1541 Tower Hill Beheading High treason in Ireland
Queen Katherine Howard 13/02/1542 Tower Green Beheading Treason - adultery
Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford 13/02/1542 Tower Green Beheading Treason - concealing the Queen's adultery
Henry Howard, 15th Earl of Surrey 19/01/1547 Tower Hill Beheading High treason - aspiring to the throne
Baron Thomas Seymour 20/03/1549 Tower Hill Beheading High treason - aspiring to the throne
Edward Seymour, 9th Earl of Hertford 22/01/1552 Tower Hill Beheading Plotting to murder John Dudley
Sir Miles Partridge 26/02/1552 Tower Hill Hanging Plotting against John Dudley Protector of Northumberland
Sir Ralph Vane (Vayne or Fane) 26/02/1552 Tower Hill Hanging Treason against King and Council
Sir Thomas Arundel 26/02/1552 Tower Hill Beheading Implicated in the Seymour treason
John Dudley, 16th Earl of Northumberland 22/08/1553 Tower Hill Beheading Treason-proclaiming his daughter in law Lady Jane Grey as Queen
Sir Thomas Palmer 22/08/1553 Tower Hill Beheading Treason-supporting Lady Jane Grey
Lord Guildford Dudley 12/02/1554 Tower Hill Beheading Treason - assuming Royal authority
Lady Jane Grey (Dudley) 12/02/1554 Tower Green Beheading Usurping the English throne
Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk 24/02/1554 Tower Hill Beheading Treason - rebellion
Sir Thomas Wyatt 11/04/1554 Tower Hill Beheading & quartering Treason - rebellion
Lord Thomas Grey 27/04/1554 Tower Hill Beheading Treason - rebellion
Henry Peckham & 07/07/1556 Tower Hill Hanging Plotted to rob the Exchequer
John Daniel (or Daniell) " " " "
Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk 02/06/1573 Tower Hill Beheading Treason - Ridolfi Plot
Five unruly youths (unnamed) 24/07/1595 Tower Hill Hanged & bowelled Causing a disturbance on Tower Hill
Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex 25/02/1601 Broad Walk in the Tower Beheading High treason
Sir Christopher Blount 18/03/1601 Tower Hill Beheading Treason - conspiring against the Queen
Sir Gervais Helwys 20/11/1615 Tower Hill Hanging Complicity in the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury
Mervin Touchet, Lord Audley 14/05/1631 Tower Hill Beheading Abetting one of his servants to rape Lady Audley
Sir Thomas Wentworth Earl of Stafford 12/05/1641 Tower Hill Beheading High treason - supporting King Charles I
Sir Alexander Carew 23/12/1644 Tower Hill Beheading Offering to surrender Plymouth to King Charles I
Sir John Hotham 01/01/1645 Tower Hill Beheading Scandalous words against Parliament
John Hotham (son of above) 01/01/1645 Tower Hill Beheading High treason - supporting King Charles I
William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury 10/01/1645 Tower Hill Beheading High treason - supporting King Charles I
Colonel Eusebius Andrews 22/04/1650 Tower Hill Beheading Involvement in bogus plot against the army
Bown Bushell 29/03/1651 Tower Hill Beheading Offering to betray Scarborough Castle to King Charles I
Christopher Love 22/08/1651 Tower Hill Beheading Plotting against the Commonwealth
??? Gibbon(s) 22/08/1651 " " "
John Gerrard 10/07/1654 Tower Hill Beheading Plotting against the Protector
Don de Pantaleon SA 19/07/1654 Tower Hill Beheading Accused of murder
Sir Henry Slingsby 08/06/1658 Tower Hill Beheading Treason trying to raise an army for the King
John Hewitt or Hewett " " " "
Sir Henry Vane 14/06/1662 Tower Hill Beheading Treason
William Howard, Viscount Stafford 29/12/1680 Tower Hill Beheading Treason - paymaster to a secret Catholic army planning to kill Charles II
Algernon Sidney or Sydney 07/12/1683 Tower Hill Beheading Complicity in Popish Plot
James Scott, Duke of Monmouth 15/05/1685 Tower Hill Beheading Monmouth Rebellion
Richard Cane (a soldier) 15/04/1687 Tower Hill Hanging Desertion
Sir William Parkyns or Perkins 13/04/1696 Tower Hill Beheading Plotting to assassinate William III
Sir John Fenwick 28/01/1697 Tower Hill Beheading Privy to plot to assassinate William III
Michael Van Bergen 19/07/1700 East Smithfield Hanging Murder of Mr. Oliver Norris
Katherine Truerniet (also Bergen) " " " " This place is also referred to as Little Tower Hill
Gerhardt Dromelius " " " "
Sir James Radcliffe, Earl of Derwentwater 24/02/1716 Tower Hill Beheading High treason - Jacobite Rising
William Gordon, Viscount Kenmure " " " "
Corporal Samuel Macpherson 18/07/1743 S E wall of chapel Firing squad Desertion (Shot by 3rd Regiment of Guards)
Corporal Malcolm Macpherson " " " "
Private Farquhar Shaw 18/07/1743 " " "
General William Boyd, Earl of Kilmarnock 18/08/1746 Tower Hill Beheading High treason - Colonel of the Jacobite Horse Grenadiers
Arthur Elphinstone, Baron Balmerino 18/08/1746 Tower Hill Beheading High treason - Colonel of the 2nd troop of Jacobite Horse Guards
Charles Radcliffe, Earl of Derwentwater 08/12/1746 Tower Hill Beheading High treason - supporting Prince Charles Edward
Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat 09/04/1747 Tower Hill Beheading High treason - Jacobite
William McDonald 11/07/1780 Tower Hill Hanging Gordon rioters
Charlotte Gardiner " " " "
Mary Roberts " " " "
Total confirmed executions to 1388 - 1780 122
Beheaded 93
Hanged 12
Firing squad 3
Burned at the stake 2
Hanged drawn & quartered 11
Plus John de Vere who was reputedly tightly bound, had his stomach cut open and his entrails cast into a fire. He was then castrated and thrown, still living into the fire.
20th century executions at the Tower of London. (11 in total)
Carl Hans Lody 06/11/1914 East Casements rifle range Firing squad Spying, executed at 6.00 am
Karl Friedrich Muller 23/06/1915 Tower rifle range Firing squad Spying
Haike Marinus Petrus Jansson 30/07/1915 Tower Ditch Firing squad Spying, executed at 6.00 am
Wilhelm J Roos 30/07/1915 Tower Ditch Firing squad Spying, executed at 6.10 am
Ernst Waldemar Melin 10/09/1915 Tower rifle range Firing squad Spying
Fernando Buschman 19/10/1915 Tower rifle range Firing squad Spying
George Traugott Breekow 26/10/1915 Tower rifle range Firing squad Spying
Irvin Guy Ries 27/10/1915 Tower rifle range Firing squad Spying
Albert Meyer 02/12/1915 Tower rifle range Firing squad Spying
Ludovico Zendery Hurwitz 11/04/1916 Tower rifle range Firing squad Spying
Josef Jacobs 15/08/1941 East Casements rifle range Firing squad Spying
Note. Prisoners held in the Tower of London were also executed at other sites, e.g. at Smithfield, then known as West Smithfield, by burning at the stake and probably by hanging.
In some early cases the place of execution is not stated or cannot be confirmed. At least in the case of Earl Ferrers in 1760 he was imprisoned in the Tower but hanged at Tyburn.
end of list [6]
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| Sources |
- [S11032] "Sir George (De Vere) de Vere (1443 - abt. 1503)", Biography, https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/De_Vere-149, retrieved, reco.
- [S12289] "John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford", Biography, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_de_Vere,_12th_Earl_of_Oxford, revisit.
- [S11033] "Sir George (De Vere) de Vere (1443 - abt. 1503)", Pedigree, https://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/De%20Vere-Family-Tree-14.
- [S7412] "Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford", biography, http://www.thepeerage.com/p2358.htm#i23576.
- [S7153] "Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel (~ 1306-1376)", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_FitzAlan,_10th_Earl_of_Aru.
- [S12290] "Confirmed executions at the Tower of London", Source, http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/tower.html, comment provided b.
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