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 1070 - 1142 (~ 71 years)
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| Name |
Robert de Brus |
| Title |
SIr |
| Suffix |
1st Lord of Annandale |
| Birth |
~1070 [1] |
| Gender |
Male |
| Alt Birth |
~1093 |
Durham, England  [2] |
| Residence |
Scotland [1] |
| Death |
11 May 1142 |
Yorkshire, England [1, 2] |
| Person ID |
I46692 |
The Hennessee Family |
| Last Modified |
27 Sep 2019 |
| Family 2 |
Agnes de Paynel, b. ~1095, Warwickshire, England d. 1170, Skelton, Yorkshire, England (Age ~ 74 years) |
| Marriage |
~1112 [1, 2] |
| Children |
| | 1. Sir Robert de Brus, 2nd Lord of Annandale, b. ~1138, (Annan) Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland d. 1189-1194 (Age ~ 55 years) |
| | 2. Sir Adam Brus, Lord of Skelton, b. ~1113, Durham, England d. 1143, Gisborough, Yorkshire, England (Age ~ 29 years) |
|
| Family ID |
F17105 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Last Modified |
30 Apr 2023 |
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| Notes |
- Robert I de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale (c.?1070 1142) was an early 12th century Anglo-Norman baron and knight, the first of the Bruce dynasty to hold lands in Scotland. A monastic patron, he is remembered as the founder of Gisborough Priory in Yorkshire, in present-day Redcar and Cleveland, in 1119.[1]
Biography
Robert is given by some Victorian historians as a son of Adam de Brus, by his spouse Emma de Ramsay.[2][3]
Cockayne states that the family name is derived from Bruis, now Brix, in the arrondissement of Valognes.[4] Some modern historians contend that the name may have come from Brix, Manche, near Cherbourg in the Cotentin Peninsula, and that they came to England after King Henry I of England's conquest of Normandy (i.e.: at the same time as Alan fitz Flaad, the FitzAlan ancestor of the Stuart Royal Family, nowithstanding that they were Bretons).
What is known clearly is that this Robert de Brus is first mentioned during the period 1094 and 1100, as a witness to a charter of Hugh, Earl of Chester, granting the church of Flamborough, Yorkshire, to the church of Whitby. Possibly the Earl of Chester about 11001104 enfeoffed Robert of certain portions of his Cleveland fee in Lofthouse, Upleatham, Barwick, Ingleby, and other places. Between 11031106 Robert de Brus attested with Ralph de Paynel and 16 others a charter of William, Count of Mortain, to the abbey of Marmoutier. In 1109 at a Council of all England held at Nottingham, he attested the charter of King Henry 1st confirming to the church of Durham certain possessions which the men of Northumberland had claimed. During the period 11091114 he appears in early charters in possession of numerous other manors and lands in Yorkshire, and in the same period he attested a charter of Henry 1st issued at Woodstock, Oxfordshire. He appears in the Lindsey Survey made 11151118 in possession of even further lands. There is a strong presumption that King Henry 1st had given Robert his Yorkshire fee soon after the battle of Tinchebrai (28 September 1106). Robert was present at the great gathering of northern magnates at Durham in 1121, and sometime during the period 11241130 he was with the King at Brampton. About 1131 Robert de Brus was in the retinue of Henry 1st at Lions, in Eure. About the same time he attested with three of his personal knights a confirmation with Alan de Percy to the monks of Whitby.[5] It is said that Robert had been given some 80 manors in Yorkshire by King Henry. It is evident that Robert kept up his connexions with other Normans too. A member of the Feugeres family, of Feugeres, Calvados, arr.Bayeux, canton of Isigny, witnessed charters of this Robert de Brus circa 1135 in Yorkshire.[6]
Scotland
The friendship between Robert de Brus and David FitzMalcolm (after 1124 King David I of Scotland), who was present in France with King Henry and was granted much of the Cotentin Peninsula, may have commenced at least as early as 1120, at Henry's Court.[7] When David became king, he settled upon his military companion and friend the Lordship of Annandale, in 1124,[8] There is, however, scant evidence that this Robert ever took up residence on his Scottish estates.
After the death of King Henry, David refused to recognise Henry's successor, King Stephen. Instead David supported the claim of his niece and Stephen's cousin, Empress Matilda, to the English throne and taking advantage of the chaos in England due to the disputed succession there, he took the chance to realise his son's claim to Northumberland. These actions Robert de Brus of Annandale could not countenance and as a result he and King David parted company, with Robert bitterly renouncing his homage to David before taking the English side at the Battle of the Standard in 1138.[9] Before the battle, Robert had made an impassioned plea to David, calling to his remembrance how he and other Normans had by their influence in Scotland, as far back as 1107, obliged King Alexander to give a part of the Scottish Kingdom to his brother David. The appeal was in vain. Robert, and his eldest son Adam, joined the English army, while his younger son, Robert, with an eye on his Scottish inheritance, fought for David.[10]
Marriage
Robert is said to have married twice: (1) Agnes, daughter of Geoffrey Bainard, Sheriff of York and (2) Agnes, daughter and heiress of Fulk de Paynel of Carleton, North Yorkshire.[11][12] Farrer mentions both marriages and in particular points out that the superior of Carleton Manor was de Brus, and that Paynel held it of him.
It is unclear by which spouse his sons were but authorities usually give her as Agnes de Paynel.
Adam de Brus (1), eldest son and heir upon whom devolved, under feudal law, all the English estates.[13] he only survived his father by 12 months, having married Jueta, daughter and heiress of William de Arches. She outlived her husband by decades, dying just after 1202.[14]
Robert de Brus, the younger son, upon whom his father had settled the Scottish Lordship of Annandale, plus several wheat-producing ploughates at Skelton, Yorkshire, in his lifetime.[15]
Footnotes
Jump up ^ Sherlock, Stephen. "Gisborough Priory: Information for Teachers" English Heritage. 2001. 1 Oct 2008.
Jump up ^ Northcliffe of Langton, Charles B., M.A, editor, The Visitation of Yorkshire, 1563/4 taken by William Flower, Norroy King of Arms, London, 1881, p.40.
Jump up ^ Burke, Messrs., John & John Bernard, The Royal Families of England, Scotland, and Wales, with their Descendants, etc., London, 1848: vol.1, pedigree XXXIV.
Jump up ^ Cockayne, G.E., edited by the Hon. Vicary Gibbs, The Complete Peerage, vol.ii, London, 1912, p.358n.
Jump up ^ Farrer, William, D.Litt., editor, Early Yorkshire Charters. vol.ii, Edinburgh 1915, p.11.
Jump up ^ Loyd, Lewis C., Barrister-at-law, edited by Charles Travis Clay & David C. Douglas, The Origins of some Anglo-Norman Families, Harleian Society, Leeds, UK, 1951; reprinted Baltimore, Md., 1999 edition, p.43.
Jump up ^ Farrer, 1915, p.11.
Jump up ^ Donaldson, Gordon, Scottish Historical Documents, Edinburgh, 1970: 19, "David by the grace of God King of Scots, to all his barons, men, and friends, French and English, greeting. Know ye that I have given and granted to Robert de Brus Estrahanent (i.e: Annandale) and all the land from the boundary of Randolph Meschin; and I will and grant that he should hold and have that land and its castle well and honourably with all its customs," &c. This is a new charter and not a reconfirmation." ISBN 0-7011-1604-8
Jump up ^ Burton, John Hill, The History of Scotland, New revised edition, Edinburgh, 1876, vol.1, p.437
Jump up ^ Farrer, 1915, p.11-12.
Jump up ^ Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford, 1904 (online version available) Duncan, ODNB
Jump up ^ Burke (1883) p.80
Jump up ^ Ritchie, R. L. Graeme, The Normans in Scotland, Edinburgh University Press, 1954, p.278.
Jump up ^ Farrer, 1915, p.12.
Jump up ^ Ritchie, 1954, p.278.
References
Duncan, A.A.M., 'de Brus, Robert (I), Lord of Annandale (d. 1142)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/3748. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
Oram, Richard, David: The King Who Made Scotland, (Gloucestershire, 2004)
end of this biography [1]
- Sir Robert "1st Lord of Annandale, Lord of Cleveland in Yorkshire" de Brus formerly Brus aka Bruce
Born about 1093 in Durham, England
HIDE ANCESTORS
Son of Robert (Brus) de Brus [uncertain] and Agnes (St Clair) de Braose [uncertain]
Brother of Adam (Brus) de Brus, Agatha or Alice (Bruce) Basset, Philip (Braose) de Braose [half], Unknown (Braose) de Harcourt [half], John (Braiose) de Braose [half], Philena (Braiose) de Braose [half] and Hortense (Bruce) de Braose [half]
Husband of Agnes Bainard married [date unknown] [location unknown]
Husband of Agnes (Pagnel) de Brus married about 1112 [location unknown]
DESCENDANTS descendants
Father of Adam (Brus) de Brus, Agatha (Brus) de Taillebois and Robert (Brus) de Brus
Died 11 May 1142 in Yorkshire, England
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Brus-141 created 18 Sep 2014 | Last modified 15 Mar 2016
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Biography
Brus [Bruce], Robert (I) de, lord of Annandale (d. 1142), baron and soldier, has been said without authority to be the son of a Robert (sometimes Adam) de Brus, who was alleged to have fought at Hastings.
The subject of this memoir came from Brix, south of Cherbourg, where he was an ally of Henry I, whose conquest of Normandy he presumably supported.
Perhaps soon after the battle of Tinchebrai (September 1106) Henry gave him some eighty Yorkshire manors, chiefly in Claro wapentake, then a further thirteen manors around Skelton, formerly of the count of Mortain, and c.1119 Hart and Hartness in co. Durham.
Brus's importance is shown by the addition, between 1114 and 1119, of the first of these holdings to the Yorkshire Domesday, while the second, the lordship of Skelton, formed one of a series of castellanies whereby Norman control of northern England was consolidated.
He attested several charters of Henry I, especially after 1106, and was with him at Lyons la Forγet in 1129, and at Woodstock (with David I also) at Easter 1130. But he undoubtedly spent much time in the north, where, for example, he was at a gathering of magnates at Durham in 1121, when the monks of Durham and St Albans fell out over Tynemouth."[1]
Marriage
m. Agnes UNKNOWN; or UKNOWN.
Prior to Blakely's doctoral theses in 2000, it was alleged that Agnes may have been a Paynell, or a Bainard. The latter theory was outright rejected by its originator, Farrer. And the former hinges on speculation surrounding a grant from a Yorkshire sheriff named, George Bainard.[2]
It's also the case that Robert's wife was not dubbed "Agnes," until the 13th century.[2]
Old Notes
Lord Robert was married twice.
(disputed) FMG suggests he first married Agnes Paynell, daughter to Fulk Paynell and his wife Beatrix ?. By this first marriage Robert had a son, Adam. According to FMG this Agnes died late in 1155.[3]
FMG mistakenly suggests Robert's second marriage was to another Agnes but this makes little sense as Agnes Paynell outlived him, dying in 1155. FMG names Robert as a second son.[3]
Wikipedia contributers switches the order of Robert's spouses and named Agnes Paynell as his second wife. They further switch the birth order to suggest Robert is likely the elder son which makes sense as he inherited his father's lands and title as Lord of Annandale. His other son, Adam de Brus, became Lord of Skelton.
FMG suggests Robert had a daughter, Agatha, but it is not known if she was from his first marriage or his second.[3]
Religion
c.1119: founded Augustinian priory of Guisborough in North Riding, Yorkshire, endowing it with some 30 carucates of land; first prior was his brother, William.[1]
gave church of Querqueville to St Mary's York for souls of Earl David (as he then was) and his parents.[1]
Burial
Believed to have beEn buried in Gisborough Priory, which he founded and which successive Brus family generations used for burials. Gisborough is located in Guisborough (each has different spelling), a modern borough of Redcar and Cleveland in North Yorkshire.
Sources
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Brus,_1st_Lord_of_Annandale
Blakely, R.M. (2000). The Brus Family in England and Scotland 1100 - c.1290, (pp.26-27). Durham Theses. Durham University. PDF.
Cawley, C. (2006). Medieval Lands v.3. Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. fmg.ac
Geneajourney.com
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB)
? 1.0 1.1 1.2 ODNB
? 2.0 2.1 Blakley, 2000
? 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cawley, 2006
end of this biography [2]
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